Investigation of a New 3D Intelligent Ray-Tracing Model

While characterizing the wireless network, it is critical to predict the exact signal propagation paths in an efficient way for three dimensional (3D) indoor environment. In this paper, a new 3D intelligent ray-tracing (IRT) model based on the modified binary angle division (MBAD) technique is presented. The MBAD algorithm can launch the minimum amount of rays by identifying the invalid regions, which can skip the processing of the unnecessary signals. To further accelerate the MBAD algorithm feasible for the 3D environment, virtual surface technique and efficient polygon test are used. Besides, the amount of time for intersection test is reduced by using the surface skipping technique. Moreover, different radio signal propagation paths, such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction from 3D objects along with infinitesimal rays with very small wavefront are considered. The results obtained from this study show the superiority of the proposed model in terms of higher prediction accuracy (29.21 %) and better computational time (58.78 %) than other well-known techniques. Finally, this work also analytically examines the measured and the simulated results for the proposed IRT model and evaluates the effectiveness. The experimental results are compared with the simulated results obtained from IRT model and good agreement (accuracy of about 97 to $$>$$>99 %) demonstrated.

[1]  Bram de Greve.  Reflections and Refractions in Ray Tracing , 2004 .

[2]  Chia-Chin Chong,et al.  A Comprehensive Standardized Model for Ultrawideband Propagation Channels , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[3]  Weisi Lin,et al.  Generalized Biased Discriminant Analysis for Content-Based Image Retrieval , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[4]  Shyh-Kang Jeng,et al.  An SBR/image approach for radio wave propagation in indoor environments with metallic furniture , 1997 .

[5]  Z.-Y. Liu,et al.  A QUASI THREE-DIMENSIONAL RAY TRACING METHOD BASED ON THE VIRTUAL SOURCE TREE IN URBAN MICROCELLULAR ENVIRONMENTS , 2011 .

[6]  Wenxian Yu,et al.  AUTOMATIC INCORPORATION OF SURFACE WAVE POLES IN DISCRETE COMPLEX IMAGE METHOD , 2008 .

[7]  Amir Ahmad Shishegar,et al.  Accuracy and computational efficiency improvement of ray tracing using line search theory , 2010 .

[8]  Roman Kuchkuda,et al.  An introduction to ray tracing , 1993, Comput. Graph..

[9]  Soon Yim Tan,et al.  A microcellular communications propagation model based on the uniform theory of diffraction and multiple image theory , 1996 .

[10]  P. C. Gao,et al.  Fast RCS prediction using multiresolution shooting and bouncing ray method on the GPU , 2010 .

[11]  Rodolphe Vauzelle,et al.  A NEW RAY-TRACING BASED WAVE PROPAGATION MODEL INCLUDING ROUGH SURFACES SCATTERING , 2007 .

[12]  Ramjee Prasad,et al.  A new method to measure parameters of frequency-selective radio channels using power measurements , 2001, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[13]  Ahmed Wasif Reza,et al.  A Novel Ray-Tracing Technique for Indoor Radio Signal Prediction , 2011 .

[14]  S. Lee,et al.  Shooting and bouncing rays: calculating the RCS of an arbitrarily shaped cavity , 1989 .

[15]  Yubo Tao,et al.  KD-TREE BASED FAST RAY TRACING FOR RCS PREDICTION , 2008 .

[16]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Wireless communications - principles and practice , 1996 .

[17]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice (2nd Edition) by , 2012 .

[18]  D.J. Edwards,et al.  Analysis of Realistic Ultrawideband Indoor Communication Channels by Using an Efficient Ray-Tracing Based Method , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[19]  H. Kim,et al.  ACCELERATED THREE DIMENSIONAL RAY TRACING TECHNIQUES USING RAY FRUSTUMS FOR WIRELESS PROPAGATION MODELS , 2009 .

[20]  Wooi Ping Hew,et al.  A three-phase five-level inverter for DTC drives application , 2011, IEICE Electron. Express.

[21]  Amir Ahmad Shishegar,et al.  Efficient shooting and bouncing ray tracing using decomposition of wavefronts , 2010 .

[22]  Tapan K. Sarkar,et al.  Efficient ray-tracing methods for propagation prediction for indoor wireless communications , 2001 .

[23]  Kai Hormann,et al.  The point in polygon problem for arbitrary polygons , 2001, Comput. Geom..

[24]  Amir Ahmad Shishegar,et al.  Modified wavefront decomposition method for fast and accurate ray-tracing simulation , 2012 .

[25]  A. Arif Ergin,et al.  Implementation of an efficient shooting and bouncing rays scheme , 2010 .

[26]  Hujun Bao,et al.  GPU-Based Shooting and Bouncing Ray Method for Fast RCS Prediction , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[27]  Chiya Saeidi,et al.  New tube-based shooting and bouncing ray tracing method , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications.

[28]  Teruya Fujii,et al.  Empirical Arrival Angular Profile Prediction Formula for Mobile Communication Systems , 2007, 2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC2007-Spring.

[29]  Chee-Keng Yap,et al.  Precision-sensitive Euclidean shortest path in 3-space (extended abstract) , 1995, SCG '95.

[30]  Ahmed Wasif Reza,et al.  Intelligent Ray-Tracing: an efficient indoor ray propagation model , 2011, IEICE Electron. Express.