Complications and Their Prevention in Experimental Renal Transplantation in Rats.

OBJECTIVES Experimental rat models of renal transplant have played a pivotal role in renal transplant research. Both intraoperative and postoperative complications during donor nephrectomy and implantation in the recipient can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper is to discuss the incidence, pathophysiology, and prevention of complications that occurred in the process of establishment of a rat model of chronic allograft injury at our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS The complications observed while performing 67 consecutive donor nephrectomies and 61 renal transplants were recorded prospectively, and appropriate measures were taken to prevent these complications in the subsequent transplant procedures. RESULTS Donor-related complications included failure of the kidney to clear of blood by the kidney perfusion solution and intraoperative deaths. The recipient-related complications included intraoperative hemorrhage, inadequately perfused kidneys with dusky appearance, congested and paralyzed hind limbs, urine leak, necrosis of the kidneys, renal and bladder calculi formation, and death during and after kidney transplant. CONCLUSIONS Complications during donor nephrectomy and renal transplant can lead to significant loss of kidneys and animals. Proper recognition can allow appropriate measures to be taken to prevent these complications, thus achieving high-quality transplants and prolonged graft and animal survival.

[1]  B. Shrestha,et al.  Surgical Anatomy and Microvascular Surgical Technique Relevant to Experimental Renal Transplant in Rat Employing Aortic and Inferior Venacaval Conduits. , 2019, Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation.

[2]  B. Shrestha,et al.  Review of Surgical Techniques of Experimental Renal Transplantation in Rats. , 2017, Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation.

[3]  A. Goltsev,et al.  Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Pathogenesis after Cryoablation , 2015 .

[4]  Hailin Zhao,et al.  Necroptosis and parthanatos are involved in remote lung injury after receiving ischemic renal allografts in rats. , 2015, Kidney international.

[5]  S. Habib,et al.  Long-term influence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model. , 2015, Annals of transplantation.

[6]  B. Shrestha,et al.  Experimental rat models of chronic allograft nephropathy: a review , 2014, International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease.

[7]  Gang Zhao,et al.  Effect of vascular network and nanoparticles on heat transfer and intracellular ice formation in tumor tissues during cryosurgery. , 2014, Cryo letters.

[8]  Jianquan Hou,et al.  Staged microvascular anastomosis training program for novices: transplantation of both kidneys from one rat donor , 2014, Chinese medical journal.

[9]  H. Yang,et al.  Establishment of an acute rejection model by transplanting both renal grafts into two different rats using a modified method of ureterovesical anastomosis. , 2013, Transplantation proceedings.

[10]  O. Boenisch,et al.  Synergistic effects of prolonged warm ischemia and donor age on the immune response following donation after cardiac death kidney transplantation. , 2013, Surgery.

[11]  J. Španjol,et al.  Surgical technique in the rat model of kidney transplantation. , 2011, Collegium antropologicum.

[12]  E. Lerut,et al.  An easy and reproducible model of kidney transplantation in rats. , 2009, Transplantation proceedings.

[13]  H. Friess,et al.  Guidelines for prevention and management of complications following kidney transplantation in rats. , 2005, Transplantation proceedings.

[14]  Qing Ye,et al.  Normal and transplanted rat kidneys: diffusion MR imaging at 7 T. , 2004, Radiology.

[15]  P. Martins,et al.  Microsurgical techniques for experimental kidney transplantation and general guidelines to establish studies about transplantation immunology , 2003 .

[16]  F. Hammad,et al.  Intra- and Post-Operative Assessment of Renal Cortical Perfusion by Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Renal Transplantation in the Rat , 2000, European Surgical Research.

[17]  A. Gage,et al.  Mechanisms of tissue injury in cryosurgery. , 1998, Cryobiology.

[18]  C. Hack,et al.  Acute lung injury after aortic surgery: the relation between lung and leg microvascular permeability to 111indium-labelled transferrin and circulating mediators. , 1997, Thorax.

[19]  M. Conte,et al.  Pulmonary failure following lower torso ischemia: clinical evidence for a remote effect of reperfusion injury. , 1995, The American surgeon.

[20]  Lee Sh,et al.  Microvascular surgical techniques in research, with special reference to renal transplantation in the rat , 1965 .

[21]  I S COOPER,et al.  CRYOSTATIC CONGELATION: A SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A LIMITED, CONTROLLED REGION OF COOLING OR FREEZING OF BIOLOGIC TISSUES , 1961, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[22]  D. V. Kalinin,et al.  Early Morphological Changes of Hepatocytes After Cryodestruction , 2017 .

[23]  T. Xanthos,et al.  An easy and safe model of kidney transplantation in rats , 2007, Microsurgery.

[24]  M. Schumacher,et al.  Kidney transplantation in rats: An appraisal of surgical techniques and outcome , 2003, Microsurgery.

[25]  E. Browne,et al.  Continuous rat intravenous infusion , 1994, Microsurgery.

[26]  R. Gittes,et al.  Rat kidney transplantation update with special reference to vesical calculi , 1990, Microsurgery.

[27]  P. Jablonski,et al.  Papillary Necrosis in Experimental Renal Transplantation in the Rat , 1988, Pathology.

[28]  A. Novick,et al.  Preservation of the ureteral blood supply in rat renal transplantation , 1983, Microsurgery.

[29]  P. Morris,et al.  Renal transplantation in the rat: details of a technique. , 1971, The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery.

[30]  J. H. Harrison,et al.  Successful homotransplantation of the human kidney between identical twins. , 1956, Journal of the American Medical Association.