Developing Marketing Expert Systems: An Application to International Negotiations

A large number of marketing decisions are based on “expert” judgments. In the emerging field of expert systems, techniques are being developed for systematically representing and using expert knowledge in computer systems. The computerization of marketing expertise will enhance decision support to marketing managers. The authors evaluate the opportunities and difficulties associated with building marketing expert systems by discussing the development of NEGOTEX (negotiations expert), a system that provides guidelines to individuals or teams preparing for international marketing negotiations. Possible benefits of this methodology in other areas of marketing are identified.

[1]  Allen Newell,et al.  Elements of a theory of human problem solving. , 1958 .

[2]  Edward T. Hall,et al.  The silent language in overseas business , 1960 .

[3]  J. Cross,et al.  The economics of bargaining , 1970 .

[4]  Chester Louis Karrass The Negotiating Game , 1970 .

[5]  Leonard M. Lodish,et al.  CALLPLAN: An Interactive Salesman’s Call Planning System , 1971 .

[6]  Gerard I. Nierenberg,et al.  Fundamentals of negotiating , 1973 .

[7]  Marvin Minsky,et al.  A framework for representing knowledge , 1974 .

[8]  Leonard M. Lodish,et al.  Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Model Based Salesman's Planning System by Field Experimentation , 1977 .

[9]  P. Gulliver Disputes and Negotiations: A Cross-Cultural Perspective , 1979 .

[10]  A. Roth Axiomatic models of bargaining , 1979 .

[11]  Donald Michie High-Road and Low-Road Programs , 1981, AI Mag..

[12]  John Gaschnig,et al.  MODEL DESIGN IN THE PROSPECTOR CONSULTANT SYSTEM FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION , 1981 .

[13]  Frederick Hayes-Roth,et al.  An investigation of tools for building expert systems , 1982 .

[14]  Bargaining for Results , 1982 .

[15]  Herb Cohen,et al.  You Can Negotiate Anything , 1982 .

[16]  Scott A. Neslin,et al.  Nash's Theory of Cooperative Games as a Predictor of the Outcomes of Buyer-Seller Negotiations: An Experiment in Media Purchasing , 1983 .

[17]  A. Marty Getting to YES. Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In , 1983 .

[18]  Randall Davis,et al.  Reasoning from First Principles in Electronic Troubleshooting , 1983, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[19]  Rosalie L. Tung How to Negotiate with the Japanese , 1984 .

[20]  J. Graham,et al.  Smart Bargaining: Doing Business With the Japanese , 1984 .

[21]  Bruce G. Buchanan,et al.  The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project , 1985 .

[22]  William J. Clancey,et al.  Heuristic Classification , 1986, Artif. Intell..

[23]  John L. Graham,et al.  Cross-Cultural Marketing Negotiations: A Laboratory Experiment , 1985 .

[24]  Herb Brody States Vie for a Slice of the Pie. , 1985 .

[25]  P. Ghauri GUIDELINES FOR INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS , 1986 .

[26]  Louis W. Stern,et al.  Assessing the Predictive Accuracy of Two Utility-Based Theories in a Marketing Channel Negotiation Context , 1986 .

[27]  Patrick Henry Winston,et al.  XCON: An Expert Configuration System at Digital Equipment Corporation , 1986 .

[28]  Thomas W. Malone,et al.  Expert systems: the next challenge for managers , 1986 .

[29]  Drew McDermott,et al.  Introduction to artificial intelligence , 1986, Addison-Wesley series in computer science.

[30]  Understanding Competing Theories of Negotiation , 1986 .

[31]  Arvind Rangaswamy,et al.  Expert systems for marketing , 1987 .

[32]  Daniel E. O'Leary,et al.  VALIDATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS- WITH APPLICATIONS TO AUDITING AND ACCOUNTING EXPERT SYSTEMS* , 1987 .

[33]  A. A. Mitchell,et al.  The Use of Alternative Knowledge-Acquisition Procedures in the Development of a Knowledge-Based Media Planning System , 1987, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[34]  Bob J. Wielinga,et al.  Structured Analysis of Knowledge , 1987, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[35]  Robert J. Meyer,et al.  Disaggregate Tree-Structured Modeling of Consumer Choice Data , 1988 .

[36]  Beau Sheil,et al.  Thinking about artificial intelligence , 1989 .