Emergency Evacuation Model for Large Multistory Buildings with Usual Entrances and Emergency Exits

When emergencies such as fires, earthquakes or terrorist attacks occur, the effective evacuation of all personnel from buildings is the primary objective. Sometimes, in order to further reduce the losses, we should also consider how to make firefighters, medical staffs and other emergency rescue personnel more convenient to access to the interior of the building. Especially when there are valuable property, dangerous goods or casualties inside the building. For buildings with multiple usual entrances and emergency exits, this paper studies how to plan evacuation routes making all people complete evacuation within a specified time and use emergency exits as few as possible so that some emergency exits can be left for firefighters and other rescue workers. In order to achieve this, an integer programming model with three steps is established in this paper. Finally, we designed an emergency evacuation scheme for the Louvre in Paris using our model to show how to use our model in practice.