Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation Policies

Policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a number of sectors can result in ancillary (co-benefits) for health. In the case of electricity generation, for example, reduced combustion of coal would result in lowered fine particulate air pollution. Improved housing insulation with efficient ventilation systems can reduce indoor air pollution while also reducing exposure to heat and cold extremes. In low-income settings, improved efficiency cookstoves can reduce black carbon emissions and other climate-active pollutants while reducing exposure to hazardous indoor air pollution. Urban transport policies that support active travel and access to affordable public transport can increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. Increased fruit and vegetable consumption and reduced consumption of animal products (particularly from ruminants) in highconsuming populations can improve health and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Finally, addressing reproductive health rights in countries where the need for modern contraception is not fully met can improve the prospects for child and maternal survival and ultimately reduce GHG emissions. Taking into account the value of the health gains and other co-benefits of policies to mitigate climate change can help to offset the costs of such policies and make them more acceptable to decision makers.