Experimental investigation of the thermal and cycling behavior of a lithium titanate-based lithium-ion pouch cell

Abstract Lithium-ion pouch cells with lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) anode and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, NCA) cathode were investigated experimentally with respect to their electrical (0.1C…4C), thermal (5 °C…50 °C) and long-time cycling behavior. The 16 Ah cell exhibits an asymmetric charge/discharge behavior which leads to a strong capacity-rate effect, as well as a significantly temperature-dependent capacity (0.37 Ah ∙ K−1) which expresses as additional high-temperature feature in the differential voltage plot. The cell was cycled for 10,000 cycles inbetween the nominal voltage limits (1.7–2.7 V) with a symmetric 4C constant-current charge/discharge protocol, corresponding to approx. 3400 equivalent full cycles. A small (0.192 mΩ/1000 cycles) but continuous increase of internal resistance was observed. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), this could be identified to be caused by the NCA cathode, while the LTO anode showed only minor changes during cycling. The temperature-corrected capacity during 4C cycling exhibited a decrease of 1.28%/1000 cycles. The 1C discharge capacity faded by only 4.0% for CC discharge and 2.3% for CCCV discharge after 10,000 cycles. The cell thus exhibits very good internal-resistance stability and excellent capacity retention even under harsh (4C continuous) cycling, demonstrating the excellent stability of LTO as anode material.

[1]  Fachao Jiang,et al.  Durability comparison of four different types of high-power batteries in HEV and their degradation mechanism analysis , 2016 .

[2]  Yuji Kojima,et al.  Degradation analysis of a Ni-based layered positive-electrode active material cycled at elevated tem , 2011 .

[3]  Sanna Syri,et al.  Electrical energy storage systems: A comparative life cycle cost analysis , 2015 .

[4]  Karim Zaghib,et al.  Electrochemical study of Li4Ti5O12 as negative electrode for Li-ion polymer rechargeable batteries , 1999 .

[5]  Haisheng Chen,et al.  Progress in electrical energy storage system: A critical review , 2009 .

[6]  M. Verbrugge,et al.  Electrochemical analysis of lithiated graphite anodes , 2003 .

[7]  P. Novák,et al.  A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries , 2010 .

[8]  Kevin L. Gering,et al.  Differential voltage analyses of high-power lithium-ion cells: 3. Another anode phenomenon , 2005 .

[9]  Lijun Wu,et al.  Structural Origin of Overcharge-Induced Thermal Instability of Ni-Containing Layered-Cathodes for High-Energy-Density Lithium Batteries , 2011 .

[10]  Alejandro A. Franco,et al.  Multiscale modelling and numerical simulation of rechargeable lithium ion batteries: concepts, methods and challenges , 2013 .

[11]  Youngsik Kim,et al.  Commercial and research battery technologies for electrical energy storage applications , 2015 .

[12]  D. Sauer,et al.  Systematic aging of commercial LiFePO4|Graphite cylindrical cells including a theory explaining rise of capacity during aging , 2017 .

[13]  Keizoh Honda,et al.  High-power and long-life lithium-ion batteries using lithium titanium oxide anode for automotive and stationary power applications , 2013 .

[14]  Delphine Riu,et al.  A review on lithium-ion battery ageing mechanisms and estimations for automotive applications , 2013 .

[15]  Daikichi Mukoyama,et al.  Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis for lithium-ion battery using Li4Ti5O12 anode , 2013 .

[16]  W. Bessler,et al.  Competitive adsorption of NO, NO2, CO2, and H2O on BaO(100): a quantum chemical study. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[17]  J. Groot,et al.  On the complex ageing characteristics of high-power LiFePO4/graphite battery cells cycled with high charge and discharge currents , 2015 .

[18]  Tsutomu Ohzuku,et al.  Zero‐Strain Insertion Material of Li [ Li1 / 3Ti5 / 3 ] O 4 for Rechargeable Lithium Cells , 1995 .

[19]  D. Sauer,et al.  Calendar and cycle life study of Li(NiMnCo)O2-based 18650 lithium-ion batteries , 2014 .

[20]  Phl Peter Notten,et al.  Degradation Mechanisms of C6/LiFePO4 Batteries: Experimental Analyses of Cycling-induced Aging , 2016 .

[21]  Simon V. Erhard,et al.  Multi-scale investigation of thickness changes in a commercial pouch type lithium-ion battery , 2016 .

[22]  Krishnan S. Hariharan,et al.  A Semi-Empirical Capacity Fade Model for Lithium Ion Cells with Nickel Based Composite Cathode , 2016 .

[23]  W. Bessler,et al.  Asymmetry of Discharge/Charge Curves of Lithium-Ion Battery Intercalation Electrodes , 2016 .

[24]  David Linden,et al.  Linden's Handbook of Batteries , 2010 .

[25]  E. Warburg,et al.  Ueber das Verhalten sogenannter unpolarisirbarer Elektroden gegen Wechselstrom , 1899 .

[26]  M. Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens,et al.  Ageing mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries , 2005 .

[27]  Zongping Shao,et al.  A comprehensive review of Li4Ti5O12-based electrodes for lithium-ion batteries: The latest advancements and future perspectives , 2015 .

[28]  Kai Wu.  Surface Physical Chemistry , 2018 .

[29]  Taejung Yeo,et al.  Non-isothermal electrochemical model for lithium-ion cells with composite cathodes , 2015 .

[30]  Wolfgang G. Bessler,et al.  Multi-Scale Thermo-Electrochemical Modeling of Performance and Aging of a LiFePO4/Graphite Lithium-Ion Cell , 2017 .

[31]  K. Jalkanen,et al.  Entropy change characteristics of LiMn0.67Fe0.33PO4 and Li4Ti5O12 electrode materials , 2015 .

[32]  D. Sauer,et al.  Parameterization of a Physico-Chemical Model of a Lithium-Ion Battery I. Determination of Parameters , 2015 .

[33]  Kandler Smith,et al.  Modeling detailed chemistry and transport for solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) films in Li–ion batteries , 2011 .

[34]  K. Zaghib,et al.  Safe and fast-charging Li-ion battery with long shelf life for power applications , 2011 .

[35]  I. Bloom,et al.  Differential voltage analyses of high-power, lithium-ion cells: 1. Technique and application , 2005 .

[36]  Dennis W. Dees,et al.  Aging characteristics of high-power lithium-ion cells with LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and Li4/3Ti5/3O4 electrodes , 2005 .

[37]  T. Ohzuku,et al.  Three-volt lithium-ion battery with Li[Ni1/2Mn3/2]O4 and the zero-strain insertion material of Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 , 2003 .

[38]  P. Novák,et al.  Structural Changes and Microstrain Generated on LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 during Cycling: Effects on the Electrochemical Performance , 2015 .