Promoting Employee Service Behaviour: The Role of Perceptions of Human Resource Management Practices and Service Culture

Abstract In this study we shed light on the relationship between satisfaction with human resource management (HRM) practices and employee performance. We examined the proposition that employee perceptions of HRM practices predict their behaviour toward customers. Previous writers have based such hypotheses on theory formulated at the level of individual employees, but have used analyses at organizational or aggregate levels. We therefore sought to demonstrate individual-level relationships between employee perceptions and service behaviour. We also sought to contrast the role of satisfaction with HRM practices with that of employees' perceptions of how service-oriented their organization's culture was, based on the position of marketing theorists that a service culture is fundamental to promoting service behaviour. Our study of airline service employees showed that service culture had a direct effect on self-reported service behaviour, and that HRM practice perceptions had both a direct effect on self-reported service behaviour and an indirect effect through service culture. Specifically, satisfaction with leadership and with work demands were the strongest predictors of service behaviour. Service culture did not moderate the relationship between perceptions of HRM practices and service behaviour. Discussion focused on alternative explanations for the relationship between organizational practices and service behaviour and on the implications for organizations wishing to promote service behaviour. Resume Cette etude tente d'eclaircir la relation qui existe entre la satisfaction des employes face aux pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) et leur rendement professionnel. Nous avons examine l'hypothese selon laquelle il est possible de predire le comportement des employes d'apres leurs perceptions de la GRH. Les auteurs precedents ont emis cette hypothese en se basant sur une theorie formulee au niveau individuel de l'employe mais en utilisant une approche analytique plutot organisationnelle ou collective. Par consequent, nous avons cherche a demontrer la relation qui existe au niveau individuel entre la perception des employes et leurs comportements a l'egard du service a la clientele. Nous avons aussi tente de faire ressortir le role qui existe entre la satisfaction des employes face a la GRH et la perception qu'ils ont de l'importance que la culture de l'entreprise met sur le service a la clientele. Pour cela, nous nous sommes bases sur les fondements mis de l'avant par les theoriciens du marketing, voulant qu'une culture de service soit essentielle pour favoriser ce ≪comportement-service ≫ parmi les employes. Notre etude realisee avec les employes du service a la clientele des compagnies aeriennes a revele qu'une ≪ culture de service ≫ a un effet direct sur l'autocritique des employes de leur comportement-service. De plus, elle nous a demontre que la perception que les employes ont de la GRH a un effet direct sur cette měme autocritique ainsi qu'un effet indirect par le biais de la culture de service de leur entreprise. Plus specifiquement, la satisfaction liee au ‘leadership’ et aux exigences de travail sont les indicateurs les plus significatifs pour predire le comportement-service. La culture de service n'a pas eu comme effet de temperer la relation qui existe entre la perception de la GRH et le comportement-service. Les discussions se sont concentrees sur l'elaboration d'autres explications sur la relation entre les pratiques des entreprises et le comportement lie au service a la clientele ainsi que leurs repercussions pour les entreprises qui desirent favoriser un comportement-service chez leurs employes.

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