Coronavirus Pandemic – SARS-CoV-2 in Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Abstract The corona virus has spread worldwide since it first appeared in China and represents a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude. The pandemic has not only social and economic effects, but even more impressive effects on the health system. If the virus spreads uncontrollably and rapidly, there is a risk of an unpredictable increase of patients with COVID-19 disease requiring hospital treatment. The capacities of a hospital can quickly reach the limit and consequently patients can no longer be adequately treated. Therefore, in the acute phase of the pandemic, it is necessary to release all hospital resources for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Strict hygiene regulations must also be observed in order to prevent the virus from spreading unexpectedly in the hospital in order to protect patients and hospital staff. Elective operations and outpatient clinics must be cancelled in the acute phase. Special hygiene measures must be observed for urgent and unpostponable operations. These relate to the admission of the patients, the accommodation in the ward and the operative care in the operating room. In the post-acute phase, a normal surgical program can be resumed step by step. In this phase, however, clear hygiene regulations must also be observed. Regular medical meetings taking into account the current pandemic situation and the occurrence of new infections must be carried out in the hospital and the occupancy of the ward and operating room adjusted accordingly. To what extent the situation for the treatment of patients in orthopedics and trauma surgery will normalize cannot be predicted at the present time. Zusammenfassung Das Coronavirus hat sich seit dem ersten Auftreten in China weltweit verbreitet und stellt eine Pandemie von bisher nicht gekanntem Ausmaß dar. Die Pandemie hat nicht nur gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen, sondern erst recht eindrückliche Auswirkungen auf das Gesundheitssystem. Bei einer unkontrollierten und raschen Ausbreitung des Virus besteht die Gefahr eines unvorhersehbaren Anstiegs von Patienten mit einer behandlungsbedürftigen COVID-19-Erkrankung. Die Kapazitäten eines Krankenhauses können dadurch rasch an das Limit kommen und Patienten nicht mehr adäquat behandelt werden. Deshalb ist es in der akuten Phase der Pandemie notwendig, jegliche Ressourcen eines Krankenhauses für die Behandlung von COVID-19-Patienten freizugeben. Ebenfalls müssen strenge Hygienevorschriften eingehalten werden, um gerade im Krankenhaus eine unvorhergesehene Virusverbreitung zu verhindern, um damit Patienten und Krankenhauspersonal zu schützen. Elektivoperationen und Ambulanzsprechstunden müssen in der akuten Phase abgesagt werden. Für dringliche und nicht verschiebbare Operationen sind spezielle Hygienemaßnahmen einzuhalten. Diese beziehen sich auf die Aufnahme der Patienten, die Unterbringung auf Station und die operative Versorgung im OP. In der postakuten Phase kann schrittweise ein normales OP-Programm wieder aufgenommen werden. In dieser Phase sind aber auch klare Hygienevorschriften einzuhalten. Regelmäßige Besprechungen unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Pandemielage und des Auftretens von Neuinfektionen sind im Krankenhaus vorzunehmen und entsprechend die Auslastung von Station und OP anzupassen. Inwieweit sich die Lage für die Behandlung von Patienten in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie wieder normalisieren wird, lässt sich zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht vorhersagen.

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