Effective-Whistle Blowing

Whistle-blowing is often assumed to benefit society at large—whether from the view of 60 Minutes or from that of the members of the nearly 40 state legislatures that have passed statutes to protect whistle-blowers. Yet empirical research on conditions that lead whistle-blowers to be effective in getting organizational wrongdoing stopped is woefully absent. Encouraging whistle-blowing is inappropriate unless a person knows something about those variables that increase the likelihood that whistle-blowing will be effective. We present a model of effective whistle-blowing, from which we derive a set of propositions, based on theory and preliminary research in the area. It is hoped that this model will provide a research agenda for exploring a question of obvious importance practically as well as theoretically.

[1]  J. Shepard,et al.  Toward an understanding of ethical climate: Its relationship to ethical behavior and supervisory influence , 1994 .

[2]  J. P. Near,et al.  Corporate response to legislative protection for whistle-blowers: Survey results , 1994 .

[3]  Marcia P. Miceli,et al.  Explaining the Whistle-Blowing Process: Suggestions from Power Theory and Justice Theory , 1993 .

[4]  Marcia P. Miceli,et al.  Blowing the whistle : the organizational and legal implications for companies and employees , 1993 .

[5]  J. Perry.  THE CONSEQUENCES OF SPEAKING OUT: PROCESSES OF HOSTILITY AND ISSUE RESOLUTION INVOLVING FEDERAL WHISTLEBLOWERS. , 1992 .

[6]  D. Terpstra,et al.  Outcomes of Federal Court Decisions on Sexual Harassment , 1992 .

[7]  Bart Victor,et al.  PEER REPORTING OF UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR: A SOCIAL CONTEXT PERSPECTIVE , 1992 .

[8]  John G. Michel,et al.  DIVERSIFICATION POSTURE AND TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM CHARACTERISTICS , 1992 .

[9]  T. Jones.  Ethical Decision Making by Individuals in Organizations: An Issue-Contingent Model , 1991 .

[10]  J. P. Near,et al.  Can Illegal Corporate Behavior be Predicted? An Event History Analysis , 1991 .

[11]  Elletta Sangrey Callahan.  EMPLOYMENT AT WILL: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIETAL EXPECTATIONS AND THE LAW , 1990 .

[12]  Chimezie A. B. Osigweh.  Concept Fallibility in Organizational Science , 1989 .

[13]  M. Miceli,et al.  The incidence of wrongdoing, whistle-blowing, and retaliation: Results of a naturally occurring field experiment , 1989 .

[14]  J. Keenan.  Communication Climate, Whistle-blowing, and the First-Level Manager: A Preliminary Study. , 1988 .

[15]  Marcia P. Miceli,et al.  INDIVIDUAL AND SITUATIONAL CORRELATES OF WHISTLE‐BLOWING , 1988 .

[16]  Cathy A. Enz,et al.  The Role of Value Congruity in Intraorganizational Power , 1988 .

[17]  D. Terpstra,et al.  Outcomes of Sexual Harassment Charges , 1988 .

[18]  Bart Victor,et al.  The Organizational Bases of Ethical Work Climates , 1988 .

[19]  Marilyn S. Blackburn,et al.  Employee dissent : the choice of voice versus silence , 1988 .

[20]  David B. Greenberger,et al.  Oppositionists and group norms: The reciprocal influence of whistle-blowers and co-workers , 1987 .

[21]  M. Miceli,et al.  Whistle-blowers in organizations: Dissidents or reformers? , 1987 .

[22]  Lisa A. Mainiero.  Coping with powerlessness: The relationship of gender and job dependency to empowerment-strategy usage. , 1986 .

[23]  S. J. Motowidlo,et al.  Prosocial Organizational Behaviors , 1986 .

[24]  L. Treviño.  Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Person-Situation Interactionist Model , 1986 .

[25]  Cathy A. Enz,et al.  Power and Shared Values in the Corporate Culture. , 1986 .

[26]  Marcia P. Miceli,et al.  Retaliation against whistle blowers: Predictors and effects. , 1986 .

[27]  J. W. Graham,et al.  Principled organizational dissent: A theoretical essay. , 1986 .

[28]  Dennis S. Gouran,et al.  A critical analysis of factors related to decisional processes involved in the challenger disaster , 1986 .

[29]  Marcia P. Miceli,et al.  Potential Predictors of Whistle-Blowing: A Prosocial Behavior Perspective , 1985 .

[30]  Marcia P. Miceli,et al.  Characteristics of organizational climate and perceived wrongdoing associated with whistle-blowing decisions. , 1985 .

[31]  M. Miceli,et al.  Organizational dissidence: The case of whistle-blowing , 1985 .

[32]  Anne Maass,et al.  Hidden impact of minorities: Fifteen years of minority influence research. , 1984 .

[33]  J. P. Near,et al.  "Do it my way or you're fired!" : employee rights and the changing role of management prerogatives , 1983 .

[34]  Arnon E. Reichers,et al.  On the Etiology of Climates. , 1983 .

[35]  R. Kanter.  The Change Masters , 1983 .

[36]  F. Elliston,et al.  Anonymity and whistleblowing , 1982 .

[37]  Dan Farrell,et al.  Patterns of Political Behavior in Organization , 1982 .

[38]  S. Bok.  Secrets: On the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation , 1982 .

[39]  Marshall W. Meyer,et al.  Power in Organizations. , 1982 .

[40]  Barry M. Staw,et al.  Threat-rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis. , 1981 .

[41]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  Exit, Voice, and Silence: Consumers' and Managers' Responses to Organizational Decline , 1980 .

[42]  J. Kotter,et al.  Choosing strategies for change. , 1979, Harvard business review.

[43]  R. Daft.  A Dual-Core Model of Organizational Innovation , 1978 .

[44]  J. Pfeffer,et al.  The External Control of Organizations. , 1978 .

[45]  Allen C. Bluedorn,et al.  Men and Women of the Corporation , 1978 .

[46]  S. Moscovici,et al.  Social Influence And Social Change , 1976 .

[47]  J. Pennings,et al.  A Strategic Contingencies' Theory of Intraorganizational Power , 1971 .

[48]  James D. Thompson.  Organizations in Action , 1967 .

[49]  J. R. French,et al.  The bases of social power. , 1959 .

[50]  R. Emerson,et al.  Deviation and Rejection: An Experimental Replication , 1954 .

[51]  C. Mills,et al.  The Theory of Social and Economic Organization , 1948 .