Large-Eddy Simulations of Perfectly-Expanded Supersonic Jets: Quality Assessment and Validation

Large-eddy simulations of supersonic jets are performed to validate the development of a second-order finite volume unstructured solver for aeroacoustic applications. For two supersonic jet flows (one heated and one unheated) issuing from axisymmetric nozzles at Mach number 1.4, flow and noise results are compared to the experimental database obtained at NASA Glenn Research Center. For the simulations, the actual nozzle is included in the computational domain. The purpose of the paper is to conduct both an extensive validation of the flow results, presenting time-averaged, fluctuating quantities and velocity spectra in the jet, and validation of the sound obtained in the near field and the far field using the integration of the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings equation. Quantitative comparisons are obtained both for flow and sound. In view of the disparity of methods used in the literature, it is of main interest to define objective criteria besides validation against experiment to evaluate the quality of the large-eddy simulations presented. With this intention, quality assessment of the results is proposed by evaluating the contributions of the different explicit models introduced in the calculation (artificial dissipation, subgrid model, shock-capturing scheme). Notably, focus is made on reducing the amount of artificial dissipation introduced in the fully turbulent part of the jet.

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