Effects of the Mass Balance Ratio and the Cut-off Voltage on the Performance of a Graphite (KS-6)/TiO2 (Anatase) Energy Storing System

The performance of KS-6/TiO2 full cell has been studied at different cut-off voltages, charge/discharge rates and cathode to anode mass ratios. The charge/discharge mechanism of the full cell is elucidated by ex-situ XRD data and analyzing the voltage profiles of each electrode by means of 4-electrode cell. Capacity retention of the cell between the 3 rd and 50 th cycles is 95.5 % though the ceiling potential of KS-6 exceeds 5.1 V vs. Li/Li + . Under such conditions this device delivers 100 Wh.kg -1 based on the total weight of the cathode and anode materials. Thus the energy density of this device is higher than AC/TiO2 type capacitors due to the higher working voltage and capacity of the KS-6 cathode. The KS6:TiO2 weight ratio and charging potential have a crucial influence on the overall performance of this device. The KS-6/TiO2 weight ratio could be increased up to 2 without a significant capacity fade of the cell in the voltage window 1.5-3.5 V. These results demonstrate that the electrolyte could be used as the sole source of Li + allowing development of novel type of energy storage devices without lithium rich cathodes as the lithium source.