Specific absorption rates of pregnant females and their fetuses from simple and realistic electromagnetic sources

As the electromagnetic (EM) environment becomes increasingly diverse, it is essential to evaluate exposures to EM waves for pregnant females and their fetuses. Therefore, we have determined the maternal and fetal specific absorption rates (SARs) of pregnant females at the 13th, 18th, and 26th gestational weeks using a high-definition numerical model of a flip phone in close proximity to the pregnant female’s abdomen. The results indicate that the difference between the simple EM source and the realictic one in the maternal and fetal SARs is within 30% in this case. Moreover, all calculated SARs were below the international safety guidelines.