Splenosis mimicking lymphadenopathy

Abstract Splenosis is an autotransplantation of splenic tissue following traumatic rupture of the spleen or splenectomy. Generally, splenosis is asymptomatic. Therefore, most cases are incidental findings made during surgery, autopsy or after imaging studies for other purposes. Splenosis is a benign phenomenon, but it often shows similarity to the metastatic process. We present a case of asymptomatic intraperitoneal splenosis occurring in a 57-year-old male, in whom computed tomography urography showed lymphadenopathy suggesting a neoplastic process. A reconnaissance laparotomy was performed, and specimens were taken and sent for histopathological examination. The microscopic image of all the collected lesions corresponded to the normal spleen tissue. Due to an increasing number of traffic accidents, it is worth taking abdominal splenosis into consideration in the differential diagnosis of tumor-like changes, especially in patients with a history of splenic trauma or spleen removal. As a result, unnecessary surgery can be avoided in many cases.