What do we Know about Salt Water Intrusion

Almost thirty years after the first known publication on salt water problems published in 1855 by Braithwaite, two investigators developed an approximate theory to find the boundaries of fresh water lenses in coastal aquifers. Their theory is now known as Ghyben-Herzberg Theory. Although their theory is based on oversimplified assumptions, it has stimulated others through various periods of time. A review of the main investigations in this field is summarized in this paper. The discussions are subdivided into three main eras: (1) The period through which the problems were identified and field observations were explained (from 1855 until the early forties); (2) the analytic approaches during the period from 1940 to the late sixties; and (3) the refined techniques during the past three years. A brief summary of the recharge methods is also given in addition to a more or less comprehensive list of references.

[1]  A. I. Kashef.  Overpumped Artesian Wells among a Well Group , 1971 .

[2]  M. L. Sorey.  Measurement of Vertical Groundwater Velocity from Temperature Profiles in Wells , 1971 .

[3]  M. A. Collins,et al.  Seawater Intrusion in Layered Aquifers , 1971 .

[4]  A. I. Kashef.  On the Management of Ground Water in Coastal Aquifers , 1971 .

[5]  O. K. Kimbler,et al.  Effect of Dispersion, Gravitational Segregation, and Formation Stratification on the Recovery of Freshwater Stored in Saline Aquifers , 1970 .

[6]  A. I. Kashef.  Multiple Gravity Wells under Transient States of Flow , 1970 .

[7]  Abdel-Aziz I. Kashef,et al.  MODEL STUDIES OF SALT WATER INTRUSION , 1970 .

[8]  A. I. Kashef.  INTERFERENCE BETWEEN GRAVITY WELLS STEADY STATE FLOW , 1970 .

[9]  G. Pinder,et al.  A Numerical Technique for Calculating the Transient Position of the Saltwater Front , 1970 .

[10]  S. Schmork,et al.  Upconing of Fresh Water—Sea Water Interface Below Pumping Wells, Field Study , 1969 .

[11]  Edwin P. Weeks,et al.  Determining the Ratio of Horizontal to Vertical Permeability by Aquifer‐Test Analysis , 1969 .

[12]  R. Rumer,et al.  Salt Water Interface in a Layered Coastal Aquifer , 1968 .

[13]  M. Rebhun,et al.  Clogging and Contamination Processes in Recharge Wells , 1968 .

[14]  Richard S. Varga,et al.  Numerical methods of higher-order accuracy for diffusion-convection equations , 1968 .

[15]  A. B. Goswami.  A STUDY OF SALT WATER ENCROACHMENT IN THE COASTAL AQUIFER AT DIGHA, MIDNAPORE DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA , 1968 .

[16]  A. H. Blair.  SIMPLIFICATIONS OF GROUND-WATER DATA USED FOR AN ANALOGUE OF A COASTAL AQUIFER , 1968 .

[17]  M. S. Hantush,et al.  UNSTEADY MOVEMENT OF FRESH WATER IN THICK UNCONFINED SALINE AQUIFERS , 1968 .

[18]  U. Shamir,et al.  Numerical solutions for dispersion in porous mediums , 1967 .

[19]  M. Mariño.  Hele‐Shaw model study of the growth and decay of groundwater ridges , 1967 .

[20]  Abdel-Aziz I. Kashef,et al.  Seepage through earth dams , 1965 .

[21]  S. Charmonman.  A solution of the pattern of fresh-water flow in an unconfined coastal aquifer , 1965 .

[22]  N. Columbus.  Viscous model study of sea water intrusion in water table aquifers , 1965 .

[23]  D. W. Peaceman,et al.  Numerical Calculation of Multidimensional Miscible Displacement by the Method of Characteristics , 1964 .

[24]  R. Perrine.  A Unified Theory for Stable and Unstable Miscible Displacement , 1963 .

[25]  P. L. T. Brian,et al.  Numerical solution of convective transport problems , 1963 .

[26]  H. R. Henry,et al.  Salt intrusion into fresh‐water aquifers , 1959 .

[27]  R. Glover.  The pattern of fresh‐water flow in a coastal aquifer , 1959 .

[28]  D. K. Todd.  Unsteady flow in porous media by means of a hele-shaw viscous fluid model , 1954 .

[29]  J. Isaacs,et al.  Water‐table elevations in some pacific coast beaches , 1949 .

[30]  G. G. Parker,et al.  Salt water encroachment in limestone at Silver Bluff, Miami, Florida , 1945 .

[31]  O. E. Meinzer.  Problems of the perennial yield of artesian aquifers , 1945 .

[32]  C. Wentworth.  Storage consequences of the Ghyben‐Herzberg theory , 1942 .

[33]  M. Hubbert,et al.  The Theory of Ground-Water Motion , 1940, The Journal of Geology.

[34]  C. Wentworth.  Specific gravity of sea‐water and the Ghyben‐Herzberg ratio in Hawaii , 1939 .

[35]  J. H. Swartz.  Resistivity-studies of some salt-water boundaries in the Hawaiian Islands , 1937 .

[36]  M. King Hubbert,et al.  The theory of ground-water motion and related papers , 1969 .

[37]  G. Dagan,et al.  Solving The Problem Of Local Interface Upconing In A Coastal Aquifer By The Method Of Small Perturbations , 1968 .

[38]  W. V. Swarzenski,et al.  Salt-water encroachment in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York , 1966 .

[39]  H. H. Cooper,et al.  Sea water in coastal aquifers , 1964 .

[40]  M. J. Dvoracek,et al.  Ground-Water Flow Characteristics Influenced by Recharge Pit Geometry , 1963 .

[41]  D. K. Todd.  An abstract of literature pertaining to sea water intrusion and its control , 1953 .

[42]  P. Baumann.  Ground-Water Movement Controlled through Spreading , 1952 .

[43]  J. Brown.  A study of coastal ground water, with special reference to Connecticut , 1925 .