Reference drug programs: effectiveness and policy implications.

[1]  J. Avorn,et al.  Prior Authorization Policies for Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in Medicaid: A Policy Review , 2006, Medical care.

[2]  M Alan Brookhart,et al.  Evaluating Short-Term Drug Effects Using a Physician-Specific Prescribing Preference as an Instrumental Variable , 2006, Epidemiology.

[3]  J. Avorn,et al.  Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[4]  B. O'brien,et al.  The impact of reference pricing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on the use and costs of analgesic drugs. , 2005, Health services research.

[5]  B. Psaty,et al.  Principles for evidence-based drug formulary policy , 2005, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[6]  R. Busse,et al.  Arzneimittelfestbeträge: Gruppenbildung, Preisberechnung mittels Regressionsverfahren und Wirkungen , 2005 .

[7]  J. Avorn,et al.  A review of uses of health care utilization databases for epidemiologic research on therapeutics. , 2005, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[8]  M. Maclure.  Drug insurance utilization management policies and "reference pricing": an illustrated commentary on the article by Vittorio Maio and colleagues. , 2005, The Milbank quarterly.

[9]  S. Schneeweiss,et al.  Net Health Plan Savings From Reference Pricing for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Elderly British Columbia Residents , 2004, Medical care.

[10]  B. O'brien,et al.  The Impact of Differential Cost Sharing of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents on the Use and Costs of Analgesic Drugs , 2004 .

[11]  R. Epstein,et al.  The effect of incentive-based formularies on prescription-drug utilization and spending. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[12]  Panos Kanavos,et al.  Reference pricing for drugs: is it compatible with U.S. health care? , 2003, Health affairs.

[13]  Douglas G Altman,et al.  Validity of indirect comparison for estimating efficacy of competing interventions: empirical evidence from published meta-analyses , 2003, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[14]  J. Austoker,et al.  Breast self examination , 2003, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[15]  B. Davis,et al.  Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). , 2002, JAMA.

[16]  S. Morgan.  Quantifying components of drug expenditure inflation: the British Columbia seniors' drug benefit plan. , 2002, Health services research.

[17]  T. K. Hazlet,et al.  Health Services Utilization With Reference Drug Pricing of Histamine2 Receptor Antagonists in British Columbia Elderly , 2002, Medical care.

[18]  S. Schneeweiss,et al.  Reference drug pricing. , 2002, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne.

[19]  Charles Kooperberg,et al.  Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. , 2002, JAMA.

[20]  B. O'brien,et al.  Impact of reference-based pricing for histamine-2 receptor antagonists and restricted access for proton pump inhibitors in British Columbia. , 2002, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne.

[21]  Sebastian Schneeweiss,et al.  Admissions caused by adverse drug events to internal medicine and emergency departments in hospitals: a longitudinal population-based study , 2002, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[22]  S. Schneeweiss,et al.  Impact of reference-based pricing for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on drug utilization , 2022 .

[23]  S. Schneeweiss,et al.  Outcomes of reference pricing for angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  S. Schneeweiss,et al.  Prescription Duration After Drug Copay Changes in Older People: Methodological Aspects , 2002, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[25]  B. Motheral,et al.  Effect of a Three-Tier Prescription Copay on Pharmaceutical and Other Medical Utilization , 2001, Medical care.

[26]  B. Davis,et al.  The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT): clinical center recruitment experience. , 2001, Controlled clinical trials.

[27]  S. Morgan.  Statistics and drug utilization: are prescribing rates really that high? , 2001, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne.

[28]  A R Levy,et al.  Impact of reference-based pricing of nitrates on the use and costs of anti-anginal drugs. , 2001, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne.

[29]  J. Iglehart.  Medicare and prescription drugs. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[30]  J A Hanley,et al.  Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons. , 2001, JAMA.

[31]  J. Puig-Junoy,et al.  Review of the literature on reference pricing. , 2000, Health policy.

[32]  J. Newhouse,et al.  The Medicare prescription drug benefit: how will the game be played? , 2000, Health affairs.

[33]  N. Ellison,et al.  The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. , 1999 .

[34]  D L Sackett,et al.  Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XIX. Applying clinical trial results B. Guidelines for determining whether a drug is exerting (more than) a class effect. , 1999, JAMA.

[35]  S. Heckbert,et al.  Thrombotic vascular events after change of statin , 1999, The Lancet.

[36]  Merlin C. Thomas,et al.  Increased thrombotic vascular events after change of statin , 1998, The Lancet.

[37]  N. Chappell,et al.  Assessing the Effectiveness of Government and Industry Media Campaigns on Seniors' Perceptions of Reference-Based Pricing Policy , 1998 .

[38]  J. Mann,et al.  The impact of reference pricing on clinical lipid control. , 1998, The New Zealand medical journal.

[39]  S. Schneeweiss,et al.  What is Germany's experience on reference based drug pricing and the etiology of adverse health outcomes or substitution? , 1998, Health policy.

[40]  G. Selke,et al.  The German experience in reference pricing. , 1998, Health policy.

[41]  M. Hornbrook,et al.  The effect of increased prescription drug cost-sharing on medical care utilization and expenses of elderly health maintenance organization members. , 1997, Medical Care.

[42]  N. Black.  Why we need observational studies to evaluate the effectiveness of health care , 1996, BMJ.

[43]  S. Soumerai,et al.  Effects of Limiting Medicaid Drug-Reimbursement Benefits on the Use of Psychotropic Agents and Acute Mental Health Services by Patients with Schizophrenia , 1994 .

[44]  S B Soumerai,et al.  Effects of Medicaid drug-payment limits on admission to hospitals and nursing homes. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[45]  J. Avorn,et al.  Improving Medication Prescribing and Utilization in the Nursing Home , 1990, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[46]  S B Soumerai,et al.  Withdrawing payment for nonscientific drug therapy. Intended and unexpected effects of a large-scale natural experiment. , 1990, JAMA.

[47]  F Y Aoki,et al.  Drug‐Associated Hospital Admissions in Older Medical Patients , 1988, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[48]  Stephen B. Soumerai,et al.  Payment Restrictions for Prescription Drugs under Medicaid , 1987 .

[49]  R. Busse,et al.  [Pharmaceutical reference pricing in Germany: definition of therapeutic groups, price setting through regression procedure and effects]. , 2005, Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)).

[50]  J. McNeil,et al.  Reference-based pricing schemes: effect on pharmaceutical expenditure, resource utilisation and health outcomes. , 2002, PharmacoEconomics.

[51]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Users' guides to the medical literature. , 1993, JAMA.

[52]  Lewis R. Lipsey,et al.  The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy , 1988, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[53]  S B Soumerai,et al.  Payment restrictions for prescription drugs under Medicaid. Effects on therapy, cost, and equity. , 1987, The New England journal of medicine.