Privacy-Preserving All Convolutional Net Based on Homomorphic Encryption

Machine learning servers with mass storage and computing power is an ideal platform to store, manage, and analyze data and support decision-making. However, the main issue is providing security and privacy to the data, as the data is stored in a public way. Recently, homomorphic data encryption has been proposed as a solution due to its capabilities in performing computations over encrypted data. In this paper, we proposed an encrypted all convolutional net that transformed traditional all convolutional net into a net based on homomorphic encryption. This scheme allows different data holders to send their encrypted data to cloud service, complete predictions, and return them in encrypted form as the cloud service provider does not have a secret key. Therefore, the cloud service provider and others cannot get unencrypted raw data. When applied to the MNIST database, privacy-preserving all convolutional based on homomorphic encryption predict efficiently, accurately and with privacy protection.

[1]  Mauro Barni,et al.  Oblivious Neural Network Computing via Homomorphic Encryption , 2007, EURASIP J. Inf. Secur..

[2]  Chunsheng Gu New Fully Homomorphic Encryption without Bootstrapping , 2011, IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch..

[3]  Pascal Paillier,et al.  Public-Key Cryptosystems Based on Composite Degree Residuosity Classes , 1999, EUROCRYPT.

[4]  Mauro Barni,et al.  A privacy-preserving protocol for neural-network-based computation , 2006, MM&Sec '06.

[5]  T. Elgamal A public key cryptosystem and a signature scheme based on discrete logarithms , 1984, CRYPTO 1984.

[6]  Sergey Ioffe,et al.  Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift , 2015, ICML.

[7]  Jian Sun,et al.  Spatial Pyramid Pooling in Deep Convolutional Networks for Visual Recognition , 2015, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[8]  Thomas Brox,et al.  Striving for Simplicity: The All Convolutional Net , 2014, ICLR.

[9]  Constance Morel,et al.  Privacy-Preserving Classification on Deep Neural Network , 2017, IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch..

[10]  Michael Naehrig,et al.  CryptoNets: applying neural networks to encrypted data with high throughput and accuracy , 2016, ICML 2016.

[11]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Rich Feature Hierarchies for Accurate Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation , 2013, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[12]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Reducing the Dimensionality of Data with Neural Networks , 2006, Science.

[13]  Pengtao Xie,et al.  Crypto-Nets: Neural Networks over Encrypted Data , 2014, ArXiv.

[14]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition , 2014, ICLR.

[15]  Craig Gentry,et al.  Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices , 2009, STOC '09.

[16]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks , 2012, Commun. ACM.

[17]  Dumitru Erhan,et al.  Going deeper with convolutions , 2014, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).