Relay Node Deployment for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on PSO

In wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), node placement plays a significant role to meet design goals such as cost effectiveness, connectivity, lifetime, and data latency. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to assist in the placement of nodes for a WSN who monitors an underground tunnel infrastructure. To improve WSN's nodes utilization rate, we defines a minimization problem of distances between two relay nodes, which are used in a multi-hop WSN for tunnel monitoring. We find a relationship between self-organized neighbor clusters which are composed of a multi-hop route to collect monitoring data. The relationship leads to a multi-objective optimization problem. Therefore, we make use of particle swarm algorithm (PSO), which is appropriate to a multi-objective optimization problem, to search for an optimized results. Our result would be helpful for saving the cost of nodes deployment and improve the efficiency of energy in a linear WSN.