The possible use of circRNAs as useful diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in osteoporosis

Bone health is ensured by coordinated work between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. When this balance is lacking, skeletal diseases, including osteoporosis (OP), arise. The latter is caused by an increase in erosion and a decrease in bone matrix deposition, resulting in low-quality bone that tends to have a higher risk of fracture. To date, despite the use of sophisticated software to diagnose OP, and the use of several drugs to mitigate the effects of this pathology, there are still limitations that drive the scientific community to search for new biomarkers. In recent years, epigenetics has attracted the attention of many researchers as a possible mechanism involved in the onset and progression of OP. In particular they have focused on circular RNAs (circRNAs), a particular class of non-coding RNAs. Precisely because of their properties, these molecules could open up new possibilities in the field of precision medicine. In conclusion, therefore, the aim of this review is to offer an overview on circRNAs, which could potentially become, in the future, useful diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in OP routine clinical practice.

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