Performance Evaluation of AODV, LEACH & TORA Protocols through Simulation

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET)[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized access point or administration. MANET protocols have to face high challenges due to dynamically changing topologies, low transmission power and asymmetric links of network. MANET is a spontaneous network. It is useful when dealing with wireless devices in which some of the devices are part of network only for duration of a communication session. An attempt has been made to compare the performance of three protocols AODV, LEACH, TORA. AODV stands for ad-hoc on demand distance vector. It’s aim is to reduce the number of broadcast messages sent throughout the network by discovering routes on demand instead of keeping complete up to date route information. TORA which based on the concept of link reversal. this is adaptive, scalable routing algorithm. The Concept of TORA is that control messages are localized to a small set of nodes nearby a topological change. TORA finds multiple routes from source to destination in a highly dynamic mobile networking environment. LEACH (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy). LEACH is clustering based routing protocol which minimizes global energy usage by distributing load to all other nodes at different point in time. It will outperform static clustering algorithm & it require nodes to be volunteer & high energy cluster head that choose to be CH at a given time & not ideal for large geographical areas. Comparison is made on the basis of packet delivery fraction, average end-to-end delay, packet loss and the simulator used is NS2 [11]. In this paper we have taken all the scenarios for simulation and then analyzed the results. AODV shows the best performance with its ability to maintain connection by periodic exchange of information required for TCP network and also best in case of packet delivery fraction and TORA performs well when number of node increases for packet delivery fraction. As we analyzed by NS2, LEACH performs well for average end to end delay and packet loss. TORA does not perform well for packet loss and average end to end delay. Keywords— MANETS, IETF, AODV, LEACH, TORA