INHIBITION OF MELANOGENIC ACTIVITY BY GELATIN AND POLYPEPTIDES FROM PACIFIC COD SKIN IN B16 MELANOMA CELLS

Gelatin extracted from Pacific cod skin was hydrolysed with serials of protease. Then, the effects of gelatin and polypeptides on melanogenesis and antioxidant were assessed using B16 melanoma cell and reactive oxygen species scavenging ability. Polypeptides showed better scavenging properties on superoxide anions and hydroxyl radical in vitro than gelatin. PEP1 (2–6 kDa) exhibited the highest inhibition of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity without affecting cell growth. PEP1 (100 µg/mL) significantly reduced the melanin content to 60.5% of control and tyrosinase activity to 51.7% of control, respectively (P < 0.01). In addition, the cyclic AMP levels was decreased evidently, and intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio were enhanced remarkably in a dose-dependent manner treated by PEP1, which expected to play a crucial role in the regulation of melanogenesis. Treatment with PEP1 at 100 µg/mL, GSH levels increased 16.6-fold and GSSG contents were reduced to 38.8% of control. Therefore, PEP1 can be used as a potential antimelanogenesis substance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Gelatin is an important functional biopolymer that has a very broad application in many industrial fields, such as food, cosmetics, materials, pharmacy and photography. Although the properties of gelatin from fish skin are different from those from mammals and avian species, fish skin gelatin has the advantages of utilizing highly abundant fish offal, and avoiding bovine spongiform encephalopathy concerns. Protease hydrolysis of gelatin has been shown to produce biologically active peptides that inhibited angiotensin I converting enzyme and linoleic acid peroxidation. Recently, we confirmed that gelatin hydrolysates exhibited better scavenging properties and inhibition of melanogenic activity. Presently, a global market demand has developed for skin-lightening agents as “vanity” cosmeceutical products, because lighter skin color is preferred by some dark-skinned individuals in many countries and races. Thus, it appears that gelatin hydrolysate could be an economical source of antioxidant and antimelanogenesis peptides that may be produced in large quantities at relatively low cost.

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