Systems of land registration aspects and effects

concepts Land as the object of property rights is different from most other types of property. In many cases there is not a ‘logical’ object. The object has to be defined, has to be legally constructed, and can change relatively easily (compare § 2.2.5 and § 3.2.4). The objects are separated by boundaries which define where one landowner’s territory ends and the next begins. Even though there often is a reasonably high congruity between topographic boundary features and legal extent, there is no necessary identity between the topography of a parcel and the legal extent of that parcel. The extent and boundaries of land parcels are a matter of legal definition. (Burdon 1998: 152) Parcels and boundaries are abstract concepts. This makes a very large difference with most other types of geo-information, which depicts ‘real life’ geographical phenomenon. (compare van der Molen 2001: 15). Title plans and parcel maps are legal documents in a graphical form and not just another dataset for a geographical information system (GIS) (Burdon 1998: 154). Similarly the rights in land are abstract concepts. Property rights are an important example of institutions; humanly devised constraints that shape human interactions (see § 1.2.3). Rights in land are usually described in a complex system of land tenure. Through the abstract concept, land rights can grow into much more than a distribution mechanism for land use. The rights can be activated as capital, allowing inter alia for (cheaper) loans against collateral (see § 1.2.1). 78 SYSTEMS OF LAND REGISTRATION

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