Modeling and Forecasting Volatility in the Global Food Commodity Prices (Modelování a Prognózování Volatility Globálních cen Potravinářských Komodit)

To capture the volatility in the global food commodity prices, we employed two competing models, the thin tailed the normal distribution, and the fat-tailed Student t-distribution models. Results based on wheat, rice, sugar, beef, coffee, and groundnut prices, during the sample period from October 1984 to September 2009, show the t-distribution model outperforms the normal distribution model, suggesting that the normality assumption of residuals which are often taken for granted for its simplicity may lead to unreliable results of the conditional volatility estimates. The paper also shows that the volatility of food commodity prices characterized with the intermediate and short memory behavior, implying that the volatility of food commodity prices is mean reverting.Pro zkoumani volatility globalnich cen potravinařskych komodit bylo použito dvou vzajemně si konkurujicich modelů, tzv. „thin-tail“ normalni distribuce a „fat-tail“ Student-t distribuce. Vysledky založene na zkoumani cen psenice, ryže, cukru, hověziho masa, kavy a podzemnice olejne s využitim dat za obdobi řijen 1984–zaři 2009 ukazuji, že model t-distribuce dociluje lepsich vysledků než model normalni distribuce, což naznacuje, že předpoklad normalniho rozloženi rezidui, jenž je casto považovan za samozřejmy pro svou jednoduchost, může vest k nespolehlivym vysledkům podminěnych odhadů volatility. Prace rovněž ukazuje, že volatilita cen potravinařskych komodit je charakterizovana chovanim střednědobe a kratkodobe paměti a osciluje tedy kolem průměru.

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