The Effect of the Intermediate Principal Stress on the Ground Response of Circular Openings in Rock Mass

b strength criterion coefficient in the unified strength criterion c cohesive strength G shear modulus m compressive-tensile strength ratio pi, p cr i , po internal pressure, critical internal pressure and external pressure pc radial stress at the elasto-plastic interface ri, ro internal radius and external radius rc extent of the plastic zone u, ui radial displacement and its value at internal wall of the opening material parameter in the unified strength criterion "r , " radial and tangential strains ’ friction angle Poisson’s ratio 1, 2, 3 principal stresses 13, 12, 23 normal stresses defined as 13 1⁄4 ð 1 þ 3Þ=2, 12 1⁄4 ð 1 þ 2Þ=2, 23 1⁄4 ð 2 þ 3Þ=2

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