Ungesunder Lebensstil bei Patienten einer psychosomatischen Poliklinik und Konsilambulanz

Zusammenfassung Patienten mit psychischen Störungen haben ein höheres Risiko für die Entwicklung körperlicher Erkrankungen. Als wesentlicher Risikofaktor hierfür gilt ein ungesunder Lebensstil. Um präventive Ansatzpunkte zu finden, untersuchten wir, wie häufig ein ungesunder Lebensstil bei psychosomatischen Patienten vorkommt und wie dieser mit psychischen und somatischen Beschwerden zusammenhängt. Hierzu wurde die klinische Basisdokumentation der Jahre 2009–2011 von n=1 919 ambulanten psychosomatischen Patienten ausgewertet. Körperliche Inaktivität war mit 62,4% das häufigste Lebensstilrisiko, gefolgt vom Rauchen (33,2%) und Adipositas (17,4%). Alle Lebensstilrisiken waren mit einer höheren Symptombelastung und funktionalen Beeinträchtigung assoziiert. Raucher hatten mehr stationäre psychiatrische oder psychosomatische Vorbehandlungen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, den Lebensstil bei Patienten mit seelischen Erkrankungen stärker bei der Behandlung zu berücksichtigen.

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