Power system restoration challenges

Summary form only given. Some of the problems encountered in the three phases of power system restoration are briefly presented. The three restoration phases are: planning for restart and reintegration of the bulk power supply, actions during system degradation for saving and retaining critical sources of power, and load restoration when the power system has stabilized. In the planning phase, offline analysis and simulation can primarily address problems. During the degradation phase, control problems need solutions in real-time and within the short-time ratings of lines and equipment. In the load restoration phase, the problems can be addressed by online analysis, presenting the results to the operator for execution.