A Watermarking Algorithm for 3D Point Cloud Models Using Ring Distribution

A robust watermarking algorithm for 3D point cloud models based on feature vertices is proposed in this paper. Vertices with mean curvature less than zero are selected as feature vertices for watermark embedding. These feature vertices lying in the deeper surface can guarantee better imperceptibility for the watermarking information. The invariant space is established to resist geometric attacks by using the rest vertices, in which the 3D model are divided several ball rings according to the number of watermark bits. Scheme to embed watermarking information is to modify the radial distances of the feature vertices within the different ball rings. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm is robust against geometric attacks. It outperforms other methods in terms of imperceptibility and robustness.

[1]  Matthieu Urvoy,et al.  Perceptual DFT Watermarking With Improved Detection and Robustness to Geometrical Distortions , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[2]  Bin Ma,et al.  Dither modulation of significant amplitude difference for wavelet based robust watermarking , 2015, Neurocomputing.

[3]  Feng Xiaoqing.  A watermarking for 3D point cloud model using distance normalization modulation , 2015, 2015 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT).

[4]  Mohamed B. Abdelhalim,et al.  Enhanced Watermarking Scheme for 3D Mesh Models , 2015, ICIT 2015.

[5]  Dafang Zhang,et al.  A robust watermarking scheme for 3D point cloud models using self-similarity partition , 2010, WCNIS.

[6]  Adrian G. Bors,et al.  Optimized 3D Watermarking for Minimal Surface Distortion , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[7]  Xiao-Wei Li,et al.  3D image copyright protection based on cellular automata transform and direct smart pixel mapping , 2014 .

[8]  Rémy Prost,et al.  An Oblivious Watermarking for 3-D Polygonal Meshes Using Distribution of Vertex Norms , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[9]  Jing Liu,et al.  A robust and blind 3D watermarking algorithm using multiresolution adaptive parameterization of surface , 2017, Neurocomputing.

[10]  Jeng-Shyang Pan,et al.  A Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for 3D Point Cloud Model , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology.

[11]  Ying Yang,et al.  A 3D Steganalytic Algorithm and Steganalysis-Resistant Watermarking , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[12]  Hitendra Garg,et al.  Watermarking for 3-D Polygon Mesh Using Mean Curvature Feature , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks.

[13]  Mark Meyer,et al.  Discrete Differential-Geometry Operators for Triangulated 2-Manifolds , 2002, VisMath.