Black-hole relics in string gravity: last stages of Hawking evaporation

The endpoint of black-hole evaporation is a very intriguing problem of modern physics. Based on the Einstein-dilaton-Gauss–Bonnet four-dimensional string gravity model, we show that black holes do not disappear and should become relics at the end of the evaporation process. The possibility of experimental detection of such remnant black holes is investigated. If they really exist, these objects could form a considerable part of the non-baryonic dark matter in our universe.

[1]  S. Alexeyev,et al.  A simple model for the evaporation of black holes at final stages , 2002 .

[2]  S. Alexeyev,et al.  Parameters of the early Universe and primordial black holes , 2002 .

[3]  S. Alexeyev,et al.  Black holes and naked singularities in the low-energy limit of string gravity with a modulus field , 2001 .

[4]  T. Bringmann,et al.  Primordial black holes from inflationary models with and without broken scale invariance , 2001, astro-ph/0109404.

[5]  S. Hawking,et al.  Brane new world , 2000, hep-th/0003052.

[6]  H. Kim.  Primordial black holes under the double inflationary power spectrum , 1999, astro-ph/9907372.

[7]  A. Barrau.  Primordial black holes as a source of extremely high energy cosmic rays , 1999, astro-ph/9907347.

[8]  F. Wilczek,et al.  Hawking radiation As tunneling , 1999, Physical review letters.

[9]  L. Randall,et al.  An Alternative to compactification , 1999, hep-th/9906064.

[10]  S. Massar,et al.  How the change in horizon area drives black hole evaporation , 1999, gr-qc/9903027.

[11]  T. Padmanabhan,et al.  Particle production and complex path analysis , 1998, gr-qc/9812028.

[12]  D. Brill,et al.  Instantons for Black Hole Pair Production , 1998, gr-qc/9811079.

[13]  S. Alexeyev,et al.  Four-Dimensional Dilatonic Black Holes in Gauss-Bonnet Extended String Gravity , 1998 .

[14]  S. Alexeyev,et al.  Black hole solutions with dilatonic hair in higher curvature gravity , 1997 .

[15]  N. Mavromatos,et al.  Dilatonic black holes in higher curvature string gravity. , 1996, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[16]  K. Maeda,et al.  Dilatonic black holes with Gauss-Bonnet term , 1996, gr-qc/9606034.

[17]  O. Bertolami,et al.  Maximally symmetric cosmological solutions of higher-curvature string effective theories with dilatons , 1995, gr-qc/9503057.

[18]  J. Bekenstein,et al.  Entropy bounds and black hole remnants. , 1993, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[19]  M. Markov.  The problem of dark matter and stable elementary black holes (maximons) , 1993 .

[20]  Stewart,et al.  Charged black holes in effective string theory. , 1992, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[21]  Copeland,et al.  The cosmology of black hole relics. , 1992, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[22]  Garfinkle,et al.  Erratum: "Charged black holes in string theory" , 1992, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[23]  Horowitz,et al.  Charged black holes in string theory. , 1991, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[24]  B. Carr,et al.  Cosmic rays from primordial black holes , 1991 .

[25]  E. Poisson.  Quadratic gravity as hair tonic for black holes , 1991 .

[26]  Webber,et al.  Quark- and gluon-jet emission from primordial black holes: The instantaneous spectra. , 1990, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[27]  O. Bertolami,et al.  String-generated gravity models with cubic curvature terms , 1989 .

[28]  J. Simon,et al.  Black hole evaporation and higher-derivative gravity , 1989 .

[29]  Brian Whitt.  Spherically symmetric solutions of general second-order gravity. , 1988, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[30]  Myers,et al.  Black-hole thermodynamics in Lovelock gravity. , 1988, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[31]  Keiichi Maeda,et al.  Black Holes and Membranes in Higher Dimensional Theories with Dilaton Fields , 1988 .

[32]  J. MacGibbon.  Can Planck-mass relics of evaporating black holes close the Universe? , 1987, Nature.

[33]  A. Tseytlin,et al.  Curvature Cubed Terms in String Theory Effective Actions , 1987 .

[34]  J. Wheeler.  Symmetric solutions to the maximally Gauss-Bonnet extended Einstein equations , 1986 .

[35]  J. Wheeler.  Symmetric solutions to the Gauss-Bonnet extended Einstein equations , 1986 .

[36]  C. Callan,et al.  Strings in background fields , 1985 .

[37]  Boris A. Malomed,et al.  Gravitational instability of scalar fields and formation of primordial black holes , 1985 .

[38]  B. Zwiebach.  Curvature Squared Terms and String Theories , 1985 .

[39]  D. Page.  Particle emission rates from a black hole. III. Charged leptons from a nonrotating hole , 1977 .

[40]  D. Page.  Particle emission rates from a black hole. II. Massless particles from a rotating hole , 1976 .

[41]  T. Damour,et al.  Black-hole evaporation in the Klein-Sauter-Heisenberg-Euler formalism , 1976 .

[42]  D. Page.  Particle emission rates from a black hole: Massless particles from an uncharged, nonrotating hole , 1976 .

[43]  V. Weisskopf,et al.  Theoretical Nuclear Physics , 1953 .

[44]  S. Alexeyev,et al.  Additional Study of a Restriction on the Minimum Black Hole Mass in String Gravity , 2000 .

[45]  International Journal of Modern Physics D, ❢c World Scientific Publishing Company BLACK HOLES OF A MINIMAL SIZE IN STRING GRAVITY , 1999 .

[46]  K. Maeda,et al.  Stability of a dilatonic black hole with a Gauss-Bonnet term , 1998 .

[47]  A. Tseytlin.  String solutions with nonconstant scalar fields , 1994 .