Fault-Tolerant Design Considerations and Control Strategies for Aerospace Drives

This paper considers existing more electric technologies in commercial aircraft and observes modern reliability data and redundancy techniques to highlight the reasons restricting the application of new components featuring electric drives and electromechanical actuation. Two techniques for maintaining a constant torque when faulted are applied to two very different fault-tolerant drives. Taking into consideration the test results and reliability data, conclusions are drawn as to the suitability of these and other drive configurations with regard to the stringent aerospace reliability and fault tolerance standards.

[1]  T.A. Lipo,et al.  Optimum Control of a Five-phase Integrated Modular Permanent Magnet Motor Under Normal and Open-Circuit Fault Conditions , 2007, 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[2]  R. J. Frye,et al.  Advanced secondary power system for transport aircraft , 1985 .

[3]  J. Rosero,et al.  Fault detection of eccentricity by means of joint time-frequency analysis in PMSM under dynamic conditions , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing.

[4]  Suresh Gopalakrishnan,et al.  Fault Tolerant Permanent Magnet Motor Drive Topologies for Automotive X-By-Wire Systems , 2008, 2008 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[5]  Chris Gerada,et al.  Integrated PM Machine Design for an Aircraft EMA , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[6]  Thomas A. Lipo,et al.  Reluctance motor control for fault-tolerant capability , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Record.

[7]  Y. C. Yeh,et al.  Triple-triple redundant 777 primary flight computer , 1996, 1996 IEEE Aerospace Applications Conference. Proceedings.

[8]  Lee Empringham,et al.  Multiphase Power Converter Drive for Fault-Tolerant Machine Development in Aerospace Applications , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[9]  R. Puche-Panadero,et al.  Diagnosis of eccentricity based on the Hilbert transform of the startup transient current , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives.

[10]  Leila Parsa,et al.  Recent Advances in Modeling and Online Detection of Stator Interturn Faults in Electrical Motors , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh,et al.  Study of Different Architectures of Fault-Tolerant Actuator Using a Two-Channel PM Motor , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[12]  D. Howe,et al.  Electro-hydraulic actuation of primary flight control surfaces , 1998 .

[13]  Barrie Mecrow,et al.  Operation of a fault tolerant PM drive for an aerospace fuel pump application , 1997 .

[14]  Ian Moir,et al.  Aircraft Systems: Mechanical, Electrical, and Avionics Subsystems Integration , 2008 .

[15]  T. Martire,et al.  High force linear actuator for an aeronautical application. Association with a fault tolerant converter. , 2007, 2007 International Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics.

[16]  A.M.S. Mendes,et al.  Thermal Performance of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Under Fault Tolerant Operating Strategies , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[17]  Ezio Bassi,et al.  Stator Current and Motor Efficiency as Indicators for Different Types of Bearing Faults in Induction Motors , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[18]  Thomas M. Jahns,et al.  Improved Reliability in Solid-State AC Drives by Means of Multiple Independent Phase Drive Units , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[19]  K. Bradley,et al.  Reliability comparison of matrix and other converter topologies , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[20]  J.A. Ortega,et al.  Moving towards a more electric aircraft , 2007, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[21]  T. Sadeghi,et al.  Fault tolerant EHA architectures , 1992, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[22]  A.J. Forsyth,et al.  Single-phase controller design for a fault-tolerant permanent magnet generator , 2008, 2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[23]  P. C. Lemor.  The roller screw, an efficient and reliable mechanical component of electro-mechanical actuators , 1996, IECEC 96. Proceedings of the 31st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference.

[24]  T.J.E. Miller,et al.  Faults and unbalance forces in the switched reluctance machine , 1993, Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting.

[25]  J. Cusido,et al.  Reliable electro-mechanical actuators in aircraft , 2008, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[26]  M. Villani,et al.  Fault-tolerant PM brushless DC drive for aerospace application , 2010, The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010.

[27]  Jiabin Wang,et al.  Testing of a 250-Kilowatt Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Power Generation System for Large Civil Aeroengines , 2008 .

[28]  J. Cusido,et al.  Broken Bearings Fault Detection for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor under non-constant working conditions by means of a Joint Time Frequency Analysis , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[29]  Barrie Mecrow,et al.  Choice of drive topologies for electrical actuation of aircraft flaps and slats , 2004 .

[30]  B. Nystrom,et al.  Fault Tree Analysis of an Aircraft Electric Power Supply System to Electrical Actuators , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.

[31]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Predicting the design life of high integrity rotating electrical machines , 1999, IEMDC 1999.

[32]  L Romeral,et al.  Electrical monitoring for fault detection in an EMA , 2010, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[33]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  Fault diagnosis of electrical machines-a review , 1999, IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference. IEMDC'99. Proceedings (Cat. No.99EX272).

[34]  Luis Romeral,et al.  Short-Circuit Detection by Means of Empirical Mode Decomposition and Wigner–Ville Distribution for PMSM Running Under Dynamic Condition , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[35]  N. Bianchi,et al.  Fault detection of a five-phase Permanent-Magnet machine , 2008, 2008 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[36]  H.A. Toliyat,et al.  An Approach to Fault-Tolerant Three-Phase Matrix Converter Drives , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[37]  B. Dehez,et al.  Control strategy with minimal controller reconfiguration of fault tolerant polyphase PMSM drives under open circuit fault of one phase , 2010, The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010.

[38]  P. Pieters,et al.  Case study: To eliminate major root causes of failures with VSDs installations , 2008, 2008 5th Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe - Electrical and Instrumentation Applications.