The scientific influence of nations on global scientific and technological development

Determining how scientific achievements influence the subsequent process of knowledge creation is a fundamental step in order to build a unified ecosystem for studying the dynamics of innovation and competitiveness. Relying separately on data about scientific production on one side, through bibliometric indicators, and about technological advancements on the other side, through patents statistics, gives only a limited insight on the key interplay between science and technology which, as a matter of fact, move forward together within the innovation space. In this paper, using citation data of both research papers and patents, we quantify the direct influence of the scientific outputs of nations on further advancements in science and on the introduction of new technologies. Our analysis highlights the presence of geo-cultural clusters of nations with similar innovation system features, and unveils the heterogeneous coupled dynamics of scientific and technological advancements. This study represents a step forward in the buildup of an inclusive framework for knowledge creation and innovation.

[1]  Hariolf Grupp,et al.  Perceptions of Scientification of Innovation as Measured by Referencing Between Patents and Papers: Dynamics in Science-Based Fields of Technology , 1992 .

[2]  Anton J. Nederhof,et al.  Bibliometric monitoring of research performance in the Social Sciences and the Humanities: A Review , 2006, Scientometrics.

[3]  Giulio Cimini,et al.  Unfolding the innovation system for the development of countries: coevolution of Science, Technology and Production , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[4]  Koenraad Debackere,et al.  Do science-technology interactions pay off when developing technology? , 2004, Scientometrics.

[5]  Martin Meyer,et al.  Patent Citations in a Novel Field of Technology — What Can They Tell about Interactions between Emerging Communities of Science and Technology? , 2000, Scientometrics.

[6]  Bart Van Looy,et al.  Sources of inspiration? Making sense of scientific references in patents , 2014, Scientometrics.

[7]  Blaise Cronin,et al.  Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 2010 , 2009 .

[8]  Lily J. Ackerman.  Prioritization: Addressing the Patent Application Backlog at the United States Patent and Trademark Office , 2011 .

[9]  Thed N. van Leeuwen,et al.  Technological Relevance of Science: An Assessment of Citation Linkages between Patents and Research Papers , 2000, Scientometrics.

[10]  Judit Bar-Ilan,et al.  Informetrics at the beginning of the 21st century - A review , 2008, J. Informetrics.

[11]  M. Meyer.  Does science push technology? Patents citing scientific literature , 2000 .

[12]  Koenraad Debackere,et al.  Can applied science be ‘good science’? Exploring the relationship between patent citations and citation impact in nanoscience , 2010, Scientometrics.

[13]  Z. Griliches,et al.  Citations, Family Size, Opposition and the Value of Patent Rights Have Profited from Comments and Suggestions , 2002 .

[14]  Christian Sternitzke,et al.  Patents and publications as sources of novel and inventive knowledge , 2009, Scientometrics.

[15]  Luciano Pietronero,et al.  The Heterogeneous Dynamics of Economic Complexity , 2015, PloS one.

[16]  R. Werner.  The focus on bibliometrics makes papers less useful , 2015, Nature.

[18]  Akira Goto,et al.  Patent Statistics as an Innovation Indicator , 2010 .

[19]  Giulio Cimini,et al.  Temporal effects in the growth of networks , 2011, Physical review letters.

[20]  Benjamin F. Jones,et al.  The dual frontier: Patented inventions and prior scientific advance , 2017, Science.

[21]  Andrew J. Nelson.  Measuring Knowledge Spillovers: What Patents, Licenses and Publications Reveal About Innovation Diffusion , 2009 .

[22]  A. Antinori,et al.  Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation after a First AIDS-Defining Event: Temporal Changes in Clinical Attitudes in the ICONA Cohort , 2014, PloS one.

[23]  Bengt-Åke Lundvall,et al.  Innovation as an interactive process: From user-producer interaction to national systems of innovation , 2010 .

[24]  F. Narin.  Assessing Technological Competencies , 2006 .

[25]  O. Sorenson,et al.  Science and the Diffusion of Knowledge , 2001 .

[26]  Dawn T. Dougherty,et al.  A General Business Model for Marine Reserves , 2013, PloS one.

[27]  Koenraad Debackere,et al.  Linking science to technology: Using bibliographic references in patents to build linkage schemes , 2004, Scientometrics.

[28]  Dag W. Aksnes,et al.  The effect of highly cited papers on national citation indicators , 2004, Scientometrics.

[29]  M. Meyer,et al.  Nanotechnology-interdisciplinarity, patterns of collaboration and differences in application , 1998, Scientometrics.

[30]  D. Hicks.  360 degree linkage analysis , 2000 .

[31]  Francesco Setti,et al.  F-Formation Detection: Individuating Free-Standing Conversational Groups in Images , 2015, PloS one.

[32]  Ludo Waltman,et al.  A review of the literature on citation impact indicators , 2015, J. Informetrics.

[33]  Wolfgang Glänzel,et al.  Patents cited in the scientific literature: An exploratory study of 'reverse' citation relations , 2004, Scientometrics.

[34]  Ludo Waltman,et al.  On the calculation of percentile-based bibliometric indicators , 2012, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[35]  Guido Caldarelli,et al.  Measuring the Intangibles: A Metrics for the Economic Complexity of Countries and Products , 2013, PloS one.

[36]  Koenraad Debackere,et al.  Science cited in patents: A geographic "flow" analysis of bibliographic citation patterns in patents , 2003, Scientometrics.

[37]  Ludo Waltman,et al.  Field-Normalized Citation Impact Indicators and the Choice of an Appropriate Counting Method , 2015, ISSI.

[38]  Giulio Cimini,et al.  The Scientific Competitiveness of Nations , 2014, PloS one.

[39]  Catalina Martínez,et al.  Patent families: When do different definitions really matter? , 2010, Scientometrics.

[40]  Wiley Interscience.  Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology , 2013 .

[41]  Loet Leydesdorff,et al.  Macro-level indicators of the relations between research funding and research output , 2009, J. Informetrics.

[42]  Koenraad Debackere,et al.  Traces of Prior Art: An analysis of non-patent references found in patent documents , 2006, Scientometrics.

[43]  Thed N. van Leeuwen,et al.  Towards a new crown indicator: an empirical analysis , 2010, Scientometrics.

[44]  Koenraad Debackere,et al.  Developing Technology in the Vicinity of Science: An Examination of the Relationship between Science Intensity (of Patents) and Technological Productivity within the Field of Biotechnology , 2006 .

[45]  Kimberly S. Hamilton,et al.  The increasing linkage between U.S. technology and public science , 1997 .

[46]  Nathan Rosenberg,et al.  Handbook of the Economics of Innovation , 2013 .

[47]  S. Schwartzman,et al.  The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies , 1994 .

[48]  Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie,et al.  The Worldwide Count of Priority Patents: A New Indicator of Inventive Activity , 2012 .

[49]  Dag W. Aksnes,et al.  Ranking national research systems by citation indicators. A comparative analysis using whole and fractionalised counting methods , 2012, J. Informetrics.

[50]  Anthony F. J. van Raan,et al.  Fatal attraction: Conceptual and methodological problems in the ranking of universities by bibliometric methods , 2005, Scientometrics.

[51]  Giulio Cimini,et al.  Investigating the interplay between fundamentals of national research systems: Performance, investments and international collaborations , 2015, J. Informetrics.

[52]  Birger Larsen,et al.  Comprehensive bibliographic coverage of the social sciences and humanities in a citation index: an empirical analysis of the potential , 2011, Scientometrics.

[53]  Christina Courtright,et al.  Context in information behavior research , 2007 .

[54]  Lutz Bornmann,et al.  What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior , 2008, J. Documentation.

[55]  Jun Suzuki,et al.  Significant difference of dependence upon scientific knowledge among different technologies , 2006, Scientometrics.

[56]  L. Leydesdorff,et al.  The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and , 2000 .