The Detection and Measurement of Telluric Ozone from Stellar Spectra

One man's noise is another man's signal." Never has that (mis)quotation been more apt than in this instance, in which the annoying features of telluric origin, bypassed and avoided by the astronomer, need to be salvaged by the atmospheric scientist from data detritus. This paper describes the first phase of a project designed to determine telluric O3 column densities from historic stellar spectra, and demonstrates the validity of the concept by comparing the results with almost contemporary measurements made by satellite. The Earth's atmosphere is both boon and bane. The protec- tive effects of its opaque UV shield are becoming more ap- preciated as concern of its decline spreads, while astrophysical needs to investigate spectral regions beyond its limiting UV transparency and obstructive IR H2O have driven the devel- opment of expensive observing missions operating above the absorbing atmosphere. The signatures imprinted by the Earth's atmosphere upon ground-based astronomical observations have to be dealt with, compensated for, or avoided, requiring tech- niques that can be troublesome and time-consuming; yet to the atmospheric scientist any record of telluric content and con- centration is a vital datum for research. There exists a wealth of historic and modern astronomical spectra that excite the atmospheric scientist and aeronomist. Only rarely, however, has one found the two disciplines actively working together; difficulties abound in logistics, funding man- agement, and data and journal access, while the respective researchers employ different approaches, different techniques, and different terminology. The astrophysicist D. Chalonge, re- nowned for his work on absolute stellar photometry, was also a founding member of the International Ozone Commission, but such examples of interdisciplinary commitment have been unusual. Despite the potential of open access journals and data sharing to facilitate more fluent collaborations, the sheer number and size of present-day research organizations in- volved have so far only made the divisions sharper and trans- disciplinary routes seemingly more impenetrable. More im- portantly, to facilitate interdisciplinary use of data all discipline-specific metadata must be reduced to a minimum, while the data themselves must be accessible in scientifically meaningful units. Even astronomical data (which are not badly served by modern archiving projects) fall far short of

[1]  V. L. Orkin,et al.  Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010 , 2003 .

[2]  Johannes Staehelin,et al.  Total ozone series at Arosa (Switzerland): Homogenization and data comparison , 1998 .

[3]  J. Hartmann A Simple Interpolation Formula for the Prismatic Spectrum , 1898 .

[4]  J. Farman,et al.  Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction , 1985, Nature.

[5]  W. Huggins,et al.  On a new group of lines in the photographic spectrum of Sirius , 1891, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.

[6]  J. Burrows,et al.  ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE-SENSING REFERENCE DATA FROM GOME — 2 . TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT ABSORPTION CROSS SECTIONS OF O 3 IN THE 231 — 794 NM RANGE , 1998 .

[7]  R. Griffin On the Possibility of Determining Stellar Radial Velocities to 0.01 km s−1 , 1973 .

[8]  R. J. Paur,et al.  The ultraviolet cross-sections of ozone. I. The measurements. II - Results and temperature dependence , 1985 .

[9]  J. R. Esmond,et al.  Absolute absorption cross-section measurements of ozone in the wavelength region 238–335 nm and the temperature dependence , 1988 .

[10]  E. Vigroux Détermination des coefficients moyens d'absorption de l'ozone en vue des observations concernant l'ozone atmosphérique à l'aide du spectromètre dobson , 1967 .

[11]  M. David,et al.  Accuracy of radial-velocity measurements for early-type stars II. Investigations of spectrum mismatch from high-resolution observations , 2000 .

[12]  R. Roosen,et al.  Stratospheric ozone as viewed from the Chappuis band , 1976, Nature.

[13]  M. Hedstrom It's about time: research challenges in digital archiving and long term preservation, I: Final report , 2004 .

[14]  G. M. B. Dobson,et al.  Forty years' research on atmospheric ozone at oxford: a history. , 1968, Applied optics.

[15]  R. Roosen,et al.  VARIATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR: BASELINE RESULTS FROM SMITHSONIAN OBSERVATIONS , 1977 .