An Epistemic and Deontic Logic for Reasoning about Computer Security

Biofouling and scale control in conductive aqueous systems is effected on metal, preferably valve metal such as titanium, surfaces on which such fouling normally occurs by applying thereto a stable electrocatalytic coating, anodically polarizing said valve metal coating such that only oxygen is evolved at the surface thereof, preferably at a rate at least about 4.66 millimoles per square meter per hour without evolution of any chlorine.