CSF‐1 and its receptor in breast carcinomas and neoplasms of the female reproductive tract

The expression and function of CSF‐1 and its receptor were studied in tumors of the human breast, ovary, and endometrium. CSF‐1 and its receptor, initially implicated as essential to normal monocyte development and trophoblastic implantation, have been more recently shown to be expressed by carcinomas of the breast and other epithelia of the female reproductive tract where activation of the receptor by ligand produced either by the tumor cells or by stromal elements stimulates tumor cell invasion by a urokinase‐dependent mechanism.

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