Peridynamics analysis of the nanoscale friction and wear properties of amorphous carbon thin films

Peridynamics theory was used to study the nanoscale friction and wear processes of thin films of amorphous carbon used as protective overcoats in hard-disk drives. The length scale parameter (horizon) used in state-based peridynamics theory was used to account for the multiscale physical processes examined in this study. Analytical results of the coefficient of friction and wear depth are shown to be in good agreement with published experimental results. Although long-range forces are not considered in the analysis, the results indicate that the present approach yields fairly accurate estimates of the coefficient of friction and wear depth for a _lm thickness greater than 10 nm and a grid size of 1:78 nm. The results of this study demonstrate that peridynamics theory can be used to analyze various nanoscale friction and wear phenomena without being limited by the excessive computational time and convergence problems encountered with traditional numerical methods.

[1]  R. Lipton.  Dynamic Brittle Fracture as a Small Horizon Limit of Peridynamics , 2013, 1305.4531.

[2]  Erdogan Madenci,et al.  Crack propagation in multilayer thin-film structures of electronic packages using the peridynamic theory , 2011, Microelectron. Reliab..

[3]  S. Silling,et al.  Peridynamic States and Constitutive Modeling , 2007 .

[4]  Jung-Wuk Hong,et al.  Discretized peridynamics for brittle and ductile solids , 2012 .

[5]  Jifeng Xu,et al.  Peridynamic analysis of damage and failure in composites. , 2006 .

[6]  F. Bobaru,et al.  Characteristics of dynamic brittle fracture captured with peridynamics , 2011 .

[7]  S. Silling,et al.  A meshfree method based on the peridynamic model of solid mechanics , 2005 .

[8]  Nam P. Suh,et al.  The Mechanism of Friction in Boundary Lubrication , 1985 .

[9]  A. Grill.  Diamond-like carbon: state of the art , 1999 .

[10]  Diamond-like carbon for data and beer storage , 2007 .

[11]  Yeshayahu Lifshitz,et al.  Hydrogen-free amorphous carbon films: correlation between growth conditions and properties , 1996 .

[12]  E. Madenci,et al.  Peridynamic theory for progressive damage prediction in center-cracked composite laminates , 2009 .

[13]  Robert Lipton,et al.  Multiscale Dynamics of Heterogeneous Media in the Peridynamic Formulation , 2012 .

[14]  B. Alder,et al.  Studies in Molecular Dynamics. I. General Method , 1959 .

[15]  C. Charitidis,et al.  Nanomechanical and nanotribological properties of carbon-based thin films: A review , 2010 .

[16]  K. Komvopoulos,et al.  Nanotribological and Nanomechanical Properties of Ultrathin Amorphous Carbon Films Synthesized by Radio Frequency Sputtering , 2001 .

[17]  Erdogan Madenci,et al.  Damage prediction for electronic package drop test using finite element method and peridynamic theory , 2009, 2009 59th Electronic Components and Technology Conference.

[18]  S. Silling,et al.  Peridynamic modeling of membranes and fibers , 2004 .

[19]  S. Silling,et al.  Convergence, adaptive refinement, and scaling in 1D peridynamics , 2009 .

[20]  Erdogan Madenci,et al.  An adaptive dynamic relaxation method for quasi-static simulations using the peridynamic theory , 2010 .

[21]  Steven J. Plimpton,et al.  Implementing peridynamics within a molecular dynamics code , 2007, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[22]  F. Bobaru,et al.  The Meaning, Selection, and Use of the Peridynamic Horizon and its Relation to Crack Branching in Brittle Materials , 2012, International Journal of Fracture.

[23]  F. Bobaru.  Influence of van der Waals forces on increasing the strength and toughness in dynamic fracture of nanofibre networks: a peridynamic approach , 2007 .

[24]  R. Lehoucq,et al.  Peridynamics for multiscale materials modeling , 2008 .

[25]  F. Bobaru,et al.  Studies of dynamic crack propagation and crack branching with peridynamics , 2010 .

[26]  S. Silling,et al.  Peridynamic 3D models of nanofiber networks and carbon nanotube‐reinforced composites , 2004 .

[27]  Youn Doh Ha,et al.  Peridynamic model for dynamic fracture in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites , 2012 .

[28]  Youn Doh Ha,et al.  MODELING DYNAMIC FRACTURE AND DAMAGE IN A FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE LAMINA WITH PERIDYNAMICS , 2011 .

[29]  S. Silling.  Reformulation of Elasticity Theory for Discontinuities and Long-Range Forces , 2000 .

[30]  E. Madenci,et al.  Mechanical characterization of ultra-thin films by combining AFM nanoindentation tests and peridynamic simulations , 2009, 2009 59th Electronic Components and Technology Conference.

[31]  Jifeng Xu,et al.  Peridynamic Analysis of Impact Damage in Composite Laminates , 2008 .

[32]  B. Luan,et al.  The breakdown of continuum models for mechanical contacts , 2005, Nature.

[33]  Peridynamic theory for failure prediction in multilayer thin-film structures of electronic packages , 2008, 2008 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference.

[34]  Richard B. Lehoucq,et al.  Force flux and the peridynamic stress tensor , 2008 .

[35]  Alex A. Volinsky,et al.  Interfacial toughness measurements for thin films on substrates , 2002 .