Changes in motor commands, as shown by changes in perceived heaviness, during partial curarization and peripheral anaesthesia in man

1. The centrally generated ‘effort’ or direct voluntary command to motoneurones required to lift a weight was studied using a simple weight‐matching task when the muscles lifting a reference weight were weakened. This centrally generated input to motoneurones was increased when the lifting muscles were partially paralysed with curare or decamethonium as judged by the increased perceived heaviness of a reference weight lifted by the weakened muscles.

[1]  G. Holmes THE SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE CEREBELLAR INJURIES DUE TO GUNSHOT INJURIES , 1917 .

[2]  P. Hammond,et al.  Involuntary activity in biceps following the sudden application of velocity to the abducted forearm. , 1955, The Journal of physiology.

[3]  T. Torda,et al.  REGIONAL NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCK , 1966, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[4]  C. G. Phillips,et al.  The Ferrier Lecture, 1968 - Motor apparatus of the baboon’s hand , 1969, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[5]  T A Sears,et al.  The proprioceptive reflex control of the intercostal muscles during their voluntary activation , 1970, The Journal of physiology.

[6]  S. Feldman,et al.  A new theory of the termination of action of the muscle relaxants. , 1970, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

[7]  C. Marsden,et al.  Servo action and stretch reflex in human muscle and its apparent dependence on peripheral sensation. , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[8]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Muscle spindle response at the onset of isometric voluntary contractions in man. Time difference between fusimotor and skeletomotor effects , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[9]  G. Jones,et al.  Observations on the control of stepping and hopping movements in man , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[10]  C D Marsden,et al.  Is the human stretch reflex cortical rather than spinal? , 1973, Lancet.

[11]  E. Evarts Motor Cortex Reflexes Associated with Learned Movement , 1973, Science.

[12]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Estimation of weights and tensions and apparent involvement of a "sense of effort". , 1974, Experimental neurology.

[13]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Human muscle spindle discharge during isometric voluntary contractions. Amplitude relations between spindle frequency and torque. , 1974, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[14]  T. Sears The afferent regulation of learnt movements. , 1974, Brain Research.

[15]  J. Tanji,et al.  Gating of motor cortex reflexes by prior instruction. , 1974, Brain research.

[16]  G. C. Joyce,et al.  The effects of load and force on tremor at the normal human elbow joint , 1974, The Journal of physiology.

[17]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Corollary motor discharges and kinaesthesia , 1975, Brain Research.

[18]  C. Marsden,et al.  Stretch reflex and servo action in a variety of human muscles. , 1976, The Journal of physiology.

[19]  Reflex responses in human pretibial muscles [proceedings]. , 1976 .

[20]  Absence of the first component of the long-latency human stretch reflex in a thumb muscle when it is used as an antagonist [proceedings]. , 1976, The Journal of physiology.

[21]  S. C. Gandevia,et al.  Perceived heaviness of lifted objects and effects of sensory inputs from related, non-lifting parts , 1976, Brain Research.

[22]  C. Marsden,et al.  Servo action in the human thumb. , 1976, The Journal of physiology.

[23]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Sensations of heaviness. , 1977, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[24]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Effects of related sensory inputs on motor performances in man studied through changes in perceived heaviness , 1977, The Journal of physiology.