Creating A Bigger Z.P.D. For ESL Learners Via Online Forum In Malaysia

Formal learning usually takes place in a physical classroom. An extension of learning process may continue to occur in a conventional setting where learners get together physically after class hours. In other words, learning may take place within particular zones. Vygotsky’s idea of zone of proximal development (ZPD) suggests that learning may not only take place within a prescribed zone but also outside the prescribed zone. The prescribed zone usually has a set of objectives to be achieved by the learners. However, during the learning process, some learners may learn and/or acquire more knowledge or skills beyond targeted objectives if there is room for students to do so. The non-prescribed zone is determined by the learners’ own initiatives and efforts. With the advancement of internet technology, second language learners are now able to extend their learning/acquisition process via online forum. This paper will describe how second language learners viewed online forum activity that was used in two separate classes for two consecutive semesters at a Malaysian university. It will also discuss some pedagogical principles in implementing online forum in courses and a few implications that need to be considered by policy makers, teachers/instructors, and ICT coordinators.