Effect of High Blood Sugar Levels upon Splanchnic Sugar Output in Experimental Diabetes

It is known that the elevation of the blood sugar concentration by means of glucose infusion increases the sugar uptake of the peripheral tissues not only in normal but also in pancreatectomized dogs. This was described by Soskin and Levine in 1937 on the basis of their balance studies carried out on eviscerated diabetic dogs. Also in situ measurements (blood flow multiplied by arteriovenous difference) showed that the artificially induced hyperglycemia enhances the sugar uptake of the pancreatectomized dog's muscle three to fourfold (Levine et al.; Issekutz et al.). On the other hand, little information is available regarding the effect of a sugar load on the hepatic glucose output in diabetes. Whereas in the normal organism, the liver seems to play an important role in reducing the arbitrarily elevated blood sugar level-* it is not clear whether or not this function exists in pancreatectomized dogs lacking insulin. It was of interest, therefore, to investigate the effect of sugar infusion on the hepatic glucose output in the complete absence of functioning islet cells. Two methods have been employed in these studies: A. The disappearance rate of blood glucose was followed after a sugar infusion in normal and pancreatectomized dogs without functioning kidneys. The in situ measurement of the amount of glucose taken up by the skeletal muscles allowed an approximate estimation of the splanchnic sugar output or uptake. B. The hepatic blood flow was measured directly and from the arteriovenous glucose differences the sugar output was calculated. The relationship between the splanchnic sugar output and the blood sugar level

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