Epidemiology and risk factors for delirium across hospital settings.

[1]  Janet B W Williams,et al.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 2013 .

[2]  J. Salluh,et al.  Delirium screening in critically ill patients. , 2013, Critical care medicine.

[3]  P. Ratner,et al.  The association between nurse-administered midazolam following cardiac surgery and incident delirium: an observational study. , 2012, International journal of nursing studies.

[4]  M. Banach,et al.  Preoperative statin therapy is not associated with a decrease in the incidence of delirium after cardiac operations. , 2012, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[5]  A. Bogers,et al.  High Preoperative Plasma Neopterin Predicts Delirium After Cardiac Surgery in Older Adults , 2012, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[6]  C. Carpenter Which medications are associated with incident delirium? , 2012, Annals of emergency medicine.

[7]  Eduard E Vasilevskis,et al.  Critical care nurses' role in implementing the "ABCDE bundle" into practice. , 2012, Critical care nurse.

[8]  J. Cerejeira,et al.  The Cholinergic System and Inflammation: Common Pathways in Delirium Pathophysiology , 2012, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[9]  W. Beattie,et al.  Endovascular versus open approach to aortic aneurysm repair surgery: rates of postoperative delirium , 2012, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie.

[10]  A. Slooter,et al.  Delirium screening in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2012, Critical Care.

[11]  D. Schuller,et al.  Alcohol-related predictors of delirium after major head and neck cancer surgery. , 2012, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[12]  Eunjung Lim,et al.  Does using a femoral nerve block for total knee replacement decrease postoperative delirium? , 2012, BMC Anesthesiology.

[13]  P. Pandharipande,et al.  The association of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism with acute brain dysfunction during critical illness* , 2012, Critical care medicine.

[14]  A. Bogers,et al.  Preoperative and operative predictors of delirium after cardiac surgery in elderly patients. , 2012, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[15]  M. Swiontkowski Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Its Relationship to Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Hip Fracture , 2012 .

[16]  B. Morrey Delirium after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty , 2012 .

[17]  A. Gottschalk,et al.  Predisposing Factors for Postoperative Delirium After Hip Fracture Repair in Individuals with and without Dementia , 2011, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[18]  J. Rudolph,et al.  Postoperative Delirium and Functional Decline After Noncardiac Surgery , 2011, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[19]  H. Paarmann,et al.  Preoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation is a predictor of postoperative delirium in on-pump cardiac surgery patients: a prospective observational trial , 2011, Critical care.

[20]  E. Tønnesen,et al.  Delirium incidents in three Danish intensive care units. , 2011, Nursing in critical care.

[21]  B. Schmand,et al.  Anesthesia and Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults Undergoing Hip Surgery , 2011, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[22]  R. Sanders Hypothesis for the pathophysiology of delirium: role of baseline brain network connectivity and changes in inhibitory tone. , 2011, Medical hypotheses.

[23]  C. Carpenter,et al.  The Six-Item Screener and AD8 for the detection of cognitive impairment in geriatric emergency department patients. , 2011, Annals of emergency medicine.

[24]  S. Kripalani,et al.  The effect of cognitive impairment on the accuracy of the presenting complaint and discharge instruction comprehension in older emergency department patients. , 2011, Annals of emergency medicine.

[25]  C. Royse,et al.  The influence of propofol or desflurane on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery * , 2011, Anaesthesia.

[26]  A. Woodworth,et al.  Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels at admission as predictors of duration of acute brain dysfunction in critically ill patients , 2011, Critical care.

[27]  P. Pandharipande,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-1 and delirium in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: a preliminary investigation , 2011, International Psychogeriatrics.

[28]  M. Maze,et al.  THEME ISSUE: MECHANISMS OF ANESTHESIA Contribution of sedative-hypnotic agents to delirium via modulation of the sleep pathway Article de synthèse court: Les agents sédatifs-hypnotiques contribuent au delirium en modulant les voies du sommeil , 2011 .

[29]  Dong-Xin Wang,et al.  High serum cortisol level is associated with increased risk of delirium after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective cohort study , 2010, Critical care.

[30]  E. Jimenez,et al.  Delirium epidemiology in critical care (DECCA): an international study , 2010, Critical care.

[31]  S. Kutsuna,et al.  Prevalence and associated factors for delirium in critically ill patients at a Japanese intensive care unit. , 2010, General hospital psychiatry.

[32]  T. Speroff,et al.  Reducing iatrogenic risks: ICU-acquired delirium and weakness--crossing the quality chasm. , 2010, Chest.

[33]  E. Vasilevskis,et al.  A screening, prevention, and restoration model for saving the injured brain in intensive care unit survivors , 2010, Critical care medicine.

[34]  K. Bosscha,et al.  Delirium after Emergency/Elective Open and Endovascular Aortoiliac Surgery at a Surgical Ward with a High-standard Delirium Care Protocol , 2010, Vascular.

[35]  H. Wunsch,et al.  The epidemiology of mechanical ventilation use in the United States* , 2010, Critical care medicine.

[36]  S. Straus,et al.  Does this patient have delirium?: value of bedside instruments. , 2010, JAMA.

[37]  C. Spies,et al.  Risk factors for inadequate emergence after anesthesia: emergence delirium and hypoactive emergence. , 2010, Minerva anestesiologica.

[38]  H. Kales The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Psychiatry, 4th ed. , 2010 .

[39]  Elizabeth Colantuoni,et al.  Early physical medicine and rehabilitation for patients with acute respiratory failure: a quality improvement project. , 2010, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[40]  B. Nordlinger,et al.  Impaired Mobility, ASA Status and Administration of Tramadol are Risk Factors for Postoperative Delirium in Patients Aged 75 Years or More After Major Abdominal Surgery , 2010, Annals of surgery.

[41]  R. Chattat,et al.  Risk factors and incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after elective and emergency surgery , 2010, The British journal of surgery.

[42]  N. Halpern,et al.  Critical care medicine in the United States 2000–2005: An analysis of bed numbers, occupancy rates, payer mix, and costs* , 2010, Critical care medicine.

[43]  M. Mathru Prevalence of Delirium with Dexmedetomidine Compared with Morphine Based Therapy after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial (DEXmedetomidine COmpared to Morphine-DEXCOM Study) , 2010 .

[44]  R. Balk Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial , 2010 .

[45]  M. Roizen Dexmedetomidine vs Midazolam for Sedation of Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Trial , 2010 .

[46]  A. Gottschalk,et al.  Sedation depth during spinal anesthesia and the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair. , 2010, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[47]  C. Ritchie,et al.  The impact of general and regional anesthesia on the incidence of post-operative cognitive dysfunction and post-operative delirium: a systematic review with meta-analysis. , 2010, Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.

[48]  Dong-Xin Wang,et al.  The Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on the Number of Cerebral Microemboli and the Incidence of Cognitive Dysfunction After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery , 2009, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[49]  P. Pandharipande,et al.  Plasma tryptophan and tyrosine levels are independent risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients , 2009, Intensive Care Medicine.

[50]  Craig D. Miller,et al.  Dexmedetomidine and the reduction of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery. , 2009, Psychosomatics.

[51]  R. Dittus,et al.  Delirium in older emergency department patients: recognition, risk factors, and psychomotor subtypes. , 2009, Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

[52]  Dan G. Blazer,et al.  The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Psychiatry (5th ed.) , 2009 .

[53]  T. Murphy,et al.  Benzodiazepine and opioid use and the duration of intensive care unit delirium in an older population* , 2009, Critical care medicine.

[54]  N. Mitsakakis,et al.  Preoperative Use of Statins Is Associated with Reduced Early Delirium Rates after Cardiac Surgery , 2009, Anesthesiology.

[55]  Age and Ageing Predicting the onset of delirium in the post-operative patient , 2009 .

[56]  L. Bossaert,et al.  Research Risk factors for delirium in intensive care patients: a prospective cohort study , 2009 .

[57]  J. Barker Effect of Sedation With Dexmedetomidine vs Lorazepam on Acute Brain Dysfunction in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: The MENDS Randomized Controlled Trial , 2009 .

[58]  Yueh-Fu Fang,et al.  Risk factors for the development of early-onset delirium and the subsequent clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients. , 2008, Journal of critical care.

[59]  R. Dittus,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in surgical and trauma intensive care unit patients. , 2008, The Journal of trauma.

[60]  T. Murphy,et al.  Characteristics associated with delirium in older patients in a medical intensive care unit. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[61]  F. Sarıcaoğlu,et al.  The effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane anesthesia on neurocognitive outcome after cardiac surgery: a pilot study. , 2007, The heart surgery forum.

[62]  P. Pandharipande,et al.  Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism as a genetic predisposition to delirium in critically ill patients* , 2007, Critical care medicine.

[63]  Ling Han,et al.  The course of delirium in older medical inpatients , 2003, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[64]  F. Bellavance,et al.  Delirium risk factors in elderly hospitalized patients , 1998, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[65]  M. Hofmann,et al.  Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients With Delirium , 2007 .

[66]  D. Dries Lorazepam Is an Independent Risk Factor for Transitioning to Delirium in Intensive Care Unit Patients , 2007 .

[67]  E. Ely,et al.  BIOMARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND COAGULOPATHY PREDICT THE DURATION OF ACUTE BRAIN DYSFUNCTION IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS.: 75 , 2006 .

[68]  E. Marcantonio,et al.  Does educational attainment contribute to risk for delirium? A potential role for cognitive reserve. , 2006, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[69]  E. Giltay,et al.  Psychotic symptoms in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and heart valve operation. , 2006, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[70]  P. Gomis,et al.  Emergence delirium in adults in the post-anaesthesia care unit. , 2006, British journal of anaesthesia.

[71]  Josh F Peterson,et al.  Delirium and Its Motoric Subtypes: A Study of 614 Critically Ill Patients , 2006, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[72]  J. McCusker,et al.  Prevalence and Symptoms of Delirium Superimposed on Dementia , 2006, Clinical nursing research.

[73]  S. Gottfried,et al.  Incidence, risk factors and consequences of ICU delirium , 2006, Intensive Care Medicine.

[74]  A. Jansson,et al.  Postoperative delirium in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery , 2005, The British journal of surgery.

[75]  M. Kollef,et al.  Delirium as detected by the CAM-ICU predicts restraint use among mechanically ventilated medical patients* , 2005, Critical care medicine.

[76]  J. Peterson,et al.  Intensive care unit delirium is an independent predictor of longer hospital stay: a prospective analysis of 261 non-ventilated patients , 2005, Critical care.

[77]  Stephen L. Pinals,et al.  The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Psychiatry, 3rd Edition , 2005 .

[78]  T. Strandberg,et al.  Prognostic Significance of Delirium in Frail Older People , 2005, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[79]  W. Chaboyer,et al.  Multicentre study of delirium in ICU patients using a simple screening tool. , 2005, Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses.

[80]  Yueh-Fu Fang,et al.  The impact of delirium on the survival of mechanically ventilated patients* , 2004, Critical care medicine.

[81]  J. Ferro,et al.  Delirium in acute stroke: a preliminary study of the role of anticholinergic medications , 2004, European journal of neurology.

[82]  I. Bourdel-Marchasson,et al.  Delirium symptoms and low dietary intake in older inpatients are independent predictors of institutionalization: a 1-year prospective population-based study. , 2004, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[83]  Thomas E. Moritz,et al.  Predictors of cognitive decline following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. , 2004, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[84]  N. Doll,et al.  Predictors of delirium after cardiac surgery delirium: effect of beating-heart (off-pump) surgery. , 2004, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[85]  N. Dendukuri,et al.  Does Delirium Increase Hospital Stay? , 2003, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[86]  F. Hustey,et al.  The effect of mental status screening on the care of elderly emergency department patients. , 2003, Annals of emergency medicine.

[87]  M. Pisani,et al.  Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: Occurrence and Clinical Course in Older Patients , 2003, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[88]  Robert W. Platt,et al.  Delirium in Older Emergency Department Patients Discharged Home: Effect on Survival , 2003, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[89]  R. Morrison,et al.  Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture. , 2003, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[90]  Faranak Aminzadeh,et al.  Older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review of patterns of use, adverse outcomes, and effectiveness of interventions. , 2002, Annals of emergency medicine.

[91]  Michal Abrahamowicz,et al.  Delirium predicts 12-month mortality. , 2002, Archives of internal medicine.

[92]  F. Hustey,et al.  The prevalence and documentation of impaired mental status in elderly emergency department patients. , 2000, Annals of emergency medicine.

[93]  G. Bernard,et al.  Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). , 2001, JAMA.

[94]  M. Zisselman,et al.  Severity and course of delirium in medically hospitalized nursing facility residents. , 2001, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[95]  S. Inouye,et al.  Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients. , 2001, Archives of internal medicine.

[96]  M. Aldemir,et al.  Predisposing factors for delirium in the surgical intensive care unit , 2001, Critical care.

[97]  Y. Skrobik,et al.  Delirium in an intensive care unit: a study of risk factors , 2001, Intensive Care Medicine.

[98]  Theodore Speroff,et al.  Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: Validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) , 2001, Critical care medicine.

[99]  Y. Skrobik,et al.  Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool , 2001, Intensive Care Medicine.

[100]  H. Handoll,et al.  Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults. , 2001, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[101]  D C Angus,et al.  Caring for the critically ill patient. Current and projected workforce requirements for care of the critically ill and patients with pulmonary disease: can we meet the requirements of an aging population? , 2000, JAMA.

[102]  R. Sulkava,et al.  Delirium in Elderly People Without Severe Predisposing Disorders: Etiology and 1-Year Prognosis After Discharge , 2000, International Psychogeriatrics.

[103]  F Bellavance,et al.  Prevalence and detection of delirium in elderly emergency department patients. , 2000, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne.

[104]  Inda,et al.  A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[105]  L. Wahlund,et al.  Delirium in Clinical Practice: Experiences from a SpecializedDelirium Ward , 1999, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[106]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Incidence and risk factors for delirium and other adverse outcomes in older adults after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. , 1999, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[107]  A. Leshner Science is revolutionizing our view of addiction--and what to do about it. , 1999, The American journal of psychiatry.

[108]  E. Cook,et al.  The association of intraoperative factors with the development of postoperative delirium. , 1998, The American journal of medicine.

[109]  S. Inouye,et al.  Does delirium contribute to poor hospital outcomes? A three-site epidemiologic study. , 1998, Journal of general internal medicine.

[110]  P. Manos,et al.  The Duration of Delirium in Medical and Postoperative Patients Referred for Psychiatric Consultation , 1997, Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists.

[111]  J. George,et al.  Causes and prognosis of delirium in elderly patients admitted to a district general hospital. , 1997, Age and ageing.

[112]  S. O’Keeffe,et al.  The Prognostic Significance of Delirium in Older Hospital Patients , 1997, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[113]  S. Inouye,et al.  Precipitating Factors for Delirium in Hospitalized Elderly Persons: Predictive Model and Interrelationship With Baseline Vulnerability , 1996 .

[114]  B. Naughton,et al.  Delirium and other cognitive impairment in older adults in an emergency department. , 1995, Annals of emergency medicine.

[115]  J. Morley,et al.  Unrecognized delirium in ED geriatric patients. , 1995, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[116]  C. Alessi,et al.  Detecting delirium among hospitalized older patients. , 1995, Archives of internal medicine.

[117]  E. Cook,et al.  The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications. , 1994, JAMA.

[118]  S. Inouye,et al.  Delirium in Hospitalized Older Persons: Outcomes and Predictors , 1994, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[119]  S K Inouye,et al.  A Predictive Model for Delirium in Hospitalized Elderly Medical Patients Based on Admission Characteristics , 1993, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[120]  H. Kolbeinsson,et al.  Delirium and dementia in acute medical admissions of elderly patients in Iceland , 1993, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[121]  S. Ebrahim,et al.  Delirium in newly admitted elderly patients: a prospective study. , 1992, The Quarterly journal of medicine.

[122]  L. Lipsitz,et al.  Risk factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly. , 1992, JAMA.

[123]  P D Cleary,et al.  Delirium. The occurrence and persistence of symptoms among elderly hospitalized patients. , 1992, Archives of internal medicine.

[124]  D. Evans,et al.  Epidemiology of Delirium: An Overview of Research Issues and Findings , 1991, International Psychogeriatrics.

[125]  W. Kapoor,et al.  A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. , 1990, JAMA.

[126]  H. Soininen,et al.  Delirium among elderly persons admitted to a psychiatric hospital: clinical course during the acute stage and one‐year follow‐up , 1989, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[127]  Foreman,et al.  Confusion in the hospitalized elderly: Incidence, onset, and associated factors , 1989, Research in nursing & health.

[128]  K. Rockwood,et al.  Acute Confusion in Elderly Medical Patients , 1989, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[129]  Y. Gustafson,et al.  Acute Confusional States in Elderly Patients Treated for Femoral Neck Fracture , 1988, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[130]  François Sirois Delirium: 100 Cases , 1988, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[131]  W. Fleischhacker,et al.  Epidemiology of benzodiazepine dependence , 1986, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[132]  A. Bayer,et al.  Changing Presentation of Myocardial Infarction With Increasing Old Age , 1986, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[133]  K. Fruensgaard WITHDRAWAL PSYCHOSIS: A STUDY OF 30 CONSECUTIVE CASES , 1976, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[134]  R. E. Belleville,et al.  An experimental study of the etiology of rum fits and delirium tremens. , 1955, Quarterly journal of studies on alcohol.