Game-Based Distributed Charging Control for Electric Vehicles in A Photovoltaic Charging Station

Efficient energy management for the increasing demand of plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) as well as the penetration of renewable energy resources becomes crucial due to the energy crisis and the stable operation of main grid. Therefore, a price-driven noncooperative game-based distributed charging control for PEVs in a photovoltaic charging station is presented in the paper. A price mechanism for PEVs charging service with respect to the net demand is proposed to drive the coordination the charging demand and renewable solar power generation, and the overload control of the grid-tied converter is also considered. In order to obtain the equilibrium of the game, we present the unconstrained smooth reformulation of the game and adopt the gradient descent method with the backtracking line search algorithm to find the minimum of the reformulation as well as the game equilibrium. Inside the equilibrium seeking, the fast alternating direction multiplier method is applied to rapidly find the best responses of PEVs in a distributed way. Numerical simulation cases have shown the efficiency of the proposed charging control strategy and the presented algorithms.