Chemical images by porphyrin arrays of sensors

Abstract.Metalloporphyrins offer almost unique opportunities to design artificial receptors for chemical sensors. These molecules can be tailored, at the synthetic level, changing in a rational way the sensor selectivity that can be oriented toward desired analyte families. Since porphyrins showed interesting properties as ionophors in liquid phase, they have been widely used to develop ion selective electrodes. These electrochemical sensors grouped in a matrix and supported by a suitable pattern recognition analysis constituted a system called electronic tongue. The present work describes in some detail the operating principle of a electronic tongue multisensor system, and a number of chemical images, coming from biological, environmental or food samples, obtained as a result of the exploitation of the device.

[1]  M. Biesaga,et al.  Porphyrins in analytical chemistry. A review. , 2000, Talanta.

[2]  T. Spiro,et al.  PORPHYRIN ELECTRODE FILMS PREPARED BY ELECTROOXIDATION OF METALLOPROTOPORPHYRINS , 1983 .

[3]  C Dinatale.  Application of metalloporphyrins-based gas and liquid sensor arrays to the analysis of red wine , 2004 .

[4]  V. Gupta,et al.  Magnesium-tetrazaporphyrin incorporated PVC matrix as a new material for fabrication of Mg(2+) selective potentiometric sensor. , 2004, Talanta.

[5]  Rainer W Friedrich,et al.  Recent dynamics in olfactory population coding , 2001, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[6]  E. Martinelli,et al.  Application of metalloporphyrins-based gas and liquid sensor arrays to the analysis of red wine , 2004 .

[7]  Roberto Paolesse,et al.  Detection of alcohols in beverages: An application of porphyrin-based Electronic tongue , 2006 .

[8]  H. Lang,et al.  Ni(2+) selective sensors based on meso-tetrakis-{4-[tris-(4-allyl dimethylsilyl-phenyl)-silyl]-phenyl}porphyrin and (sal)(2)trien in poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. , 2007, Talanta.

[9]  L. Singh,et al.  Molybdate sensor based on 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatocobalt complex in a PVC matrix , 1999 .

[10]  A. Holley,et al.  Receptor cell responses to odorants: Similarities and differences among odorants , 1984, Brain Research.

[11]  M. Meyerhoff,et al.  Polymeric membrane electrodes with enhanced fluoride selectivity using Zr(IV)-porphyrins functioning as neutral carriers. , 2004, Talanta.

[12]  Giuseppe Ferri,et al.  The application of metalloporphyrins as coating material for quartz microbalance-based chemical sensors , 1996 .

[13]  Shiva Agarwal,et al.  A Porphyrin Based Potentiometric Sensor for Zn2+ Determination , 2003 .

[14]  Vinod Kumar Gupta,et al.  Protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester as active material in PVC matrix membranes for the fabrication of zinc(II) selective sensor , 2001 .

[15]  J. Devynck,et al.  Immobilization of metalloporphyrins in electropolymerized films: design and applications , 1995 .

[16]  V. Král,et al.  Potentiometric anion response of poly(5,15-bis(2-aminophenyl)porphyrin) electropolymerized electrodes , 1999 .

[17]  C. Natale,et al.  Electronic tongue: new analytical tool for liquid analysis on the basis of non-specific sensors and methods of pattern recognition , 2000 .

[18]  C. Di Natale,et al.  Nonspecific sensor arrays ("electronic tongue") for chemical analysis of liquids (IUPAC Technical Report) , 2005 .

[19]  H. Nam,et al.  Potentiometric behavior of metalloporphyrin-based ion-selective electrodes: Use of silicone rubber matrix for serum chloride analysis , 1998 .

[20]  Roberto Paolesse,et al.  Porphyrin-based array of cross-selective electrodes for analysis of liquid samples , 2003 .

[21]  Antonella Macagnano,et al.  Multicomponent analysis on polluted waters by means of an electronic tongue , 1997 .

[22]  M. Meyerhoff,et al.  Origin of non-Nernstian anion response slopes of metalloporphyrin-based liquid/polymer membrane electrodes. , 2000, Analytical chemistry.

[23]  M. Meyerhoff,et al.  Potentiometric and spectroscopic characterization of anion selective electrodes based on metal(III) porphyrin ionophores in polyurethane membranes , 2001 .

[24]  R. Paolesse,et al.  Development of silicon-based potentiometric sensors: Towards a miniaturized electronic tongue , 2007 .

[25]  Mark E. Meyerhoff,et al.  Role of axial ligation on potentiometric response of Co(III) tetraphenylporphyrin-doped polymeric membranes to nitrite ions , 1995 .

[26]  L. Bachas,et al.  NITROGEN OXIDE GAS SENSOR BASED ON A NITRITE-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE , 1991 .

[27]  C. Natale,et al.  Application of electronic tongue for qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex liquid media , 2000 .

[28]  J. Hair.  Multivariate data analysis , 1972 .

[29]  V. Gupta,et al.  PVC based 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrinatocobalt(II) membrane potentiometric sensor for arsenite. , 2005, Talanta.

[30]  C. Di Natale,et al.  The features of the electronic tongue in comparison with the characteristics of the discrete ion-selective sensors , 1999 .

[31]  Kenneth S. Suslick,et al.  Is the olfactory receptor a metalloprotein? , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  Dmitry Kirsanov,et al.  Cross-sensitive chemical sensors based on tetraphenylporphyrin and phthalocyanine , 2002 .

[33]  K. Seiler,et al.  Transport Properties of Anion‐Selective Membranes Based on Cobyrinates and Metalloporphyrin Complexes as Ionophores , 1990 .

[34]  Eugenio Martinelli,et al.  CHEMICAL IMAGES OF LIQUIDS , 2007 .

[35]  Neal A. Rakow,et al.  A colorimetric sensor array for odour visualization , 2000, Nature.

[36]  R. Prasad,et al.  Metallo-tetraazaporphyrin based anion sensors: regulation of sensor characteristics through central metal ion coordination , 2004 .

[37]  B. Kräutler,et al.  Aquocyanocobalt(III)-hepta(2-phenylethyl)-cobyrinate as a cationic carrier for nitrite-selective liquid-membrane electrodes , 1986 .

[38]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Analytical Electrochemistry: Wang/Analytical Electrochemistry, Third Edition , 2006 .

[39]  Albert Bos,et al.  Tutorial review—Data processing by neural networks in quantitative chemical analysis , 1993 .

[40]  Heinrich Lang,et al.  Copper(II)-selective potentiometric sensors based on porphyrins in PVC matrix , 2006 .

[41]  R. Axel,et al.  A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition , 1991, Cell.

[42]  K. Persaud,et al.  Analysis of discrimination mechanisms in the mammalian olfactory system using a model nose , 1982, Nature.

[43]  B. A. White,et al.  Electrochemical polymerization of amino-, pyrrole-, and hydroxy-substituted tetraphenylporphyrins , 1987 .

[44]  Kenneth S Suslick,et al.  A colorimetric sensor array for organics in water. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[45]  E. Pretsch,et al.  Carrier mechanism of acidic ionophores in solvent polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes , 1995 .

[46]  Roberto Paolesse,et al.  Metalloporphyrin - Based Electronic Tongue: an Application for the Analysis of Italian White Wines , 2007, Sensors.

[47]  M. Meyerhoff,et al.  Salicylate-selective membrane electrodes based on Sn(IV)- and OMo(V)-porphyrins: differences in response mechanism and analytical performance , 2001 .