Design and construction of nanoscale material for ultrasonic assisted adsorption of dyes: Application of derivative spectrophotometry and experimental design methodology.

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central rotatable experimental design was used to investigate the effect of ultrasound assisted simultaneous adsorption process variables on Cu: ZnS-NPs-AC from aqueous solution. Cu: ZnS-NPs-AC was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To overcome the severe methylene blue (MB) and brilliant green (BG) dyes spectral overlapping, derivative spectrophotometric method were successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of dyes in their binary solutions. Simultaneous determination of the dyes can be carried out using the first-order and second order derivative signal at 664 and 663nm for BG and MB, respectively. The factors investigated were pH (2.5-8.5), adsorbent mass (0.006-0.030g), sonication time (1-5min) and initial MB and BG concentration (3-15mgL-1). Five levels, which were low level, center point, upper level and two axillar points, were considered for each of the factors. The desirability function (DF: 0.9853) on the STATISTICA version 10.0 software showed that the optimum removal (99.832 and 99.423% for MB and BG, respectively) was obtained at pH 8.0, adsorbent mass 0.024g, sonication time 4min and 9mgL-1 initial concentration for each dye. Besides, the results show that obtained data were adequately fitted into the second-order polynomial model, since the calculated model F value (172.96 and 96.35 for MB and BG, respectively) is higher than the critical F value. The values of coefficient of determination (0.9968 and 0.9943 for MB and BG, respectively) and adjusted coefficient of determination (0.9911 and 0.9840 for MB and BG, respectively) are close to 1, indicating a high correlation between the observed and the predicted values. The ultrasonic amplitude and adsorbent mass were found to be the most effective variable influencing the adsorption process. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 185.2 and 151.5mgg-1 for MB and BG respectively on adsorbent. The results indicate that pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and intra-particle diffusion model can better describe the adsorption kinetics.

[1]  M. Soylak,et al.  Oxidized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Adsorbents for Kinetic and Equilibrium Study of Removal of 5-(4-Dimethyl Amino Benzylidene)Rhodanine , 2012, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering.

[2]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Experimental design and modeling of ultrasound assisted simultaneous adsorption of cationic dyes onto ZnS: Mn-NPs-AC from binary mixture. , 2016, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[3]  Alireza Goudarzi,et al.  Modeling of quaternary dyes adsorption onto ZnO–NR–AC artificial neural network: Analysis by derivative spectrophotometry , 2016 .

[4]  Maryam Bagtash,et al.  Simultaneous removal of binary mixture of Brilliant Green and Crystal Violet using derivative spectrophotometric determination, multivariate optimization and adsorption characterization of dyes on surfactant modified nano-γ-alumina. , 2015, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[5]  Handan Ucun,et al.  Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the biosorption of textile dye (Reactive Red 195) onto Pinus sylvestris L. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[6]  L. Labiadh,et al.  Complete removal of AHPS synthetic dye from water using new electro-fenton oxidation catalyzed by natural pyrite as heterogeneous catalyst. , 2015, Journal of hazardous materials.

[7]  C. Bergmann,et al.  Adsorption of Reactive Red M-2BE dye from water solutions by multi-walled carbon nanotubes and activated carbon. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[8]  A. Morsali,et al.  Ultrasound-promoted coating of MOF-5 on silk fiber and study of adsorptive removal and recovery of hazardous anionic dye "congo red". , 2014, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[9]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Optimization and modeling of preconcentration and determination of dyes based on ultrasound assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with derivative spectrophotometry. , 2017, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[10]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Highly efficient simultaneous ultrasonic assisted adsorption of brilliant green and eosin B onto ZnS nanoparticles loaded activated carbon: Artificial neural network modeling and central composite design optimization. , 2016, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[11]  N. G. Ferreira,et al.  Efficiency study and mechanistic aspects in the Brilliant Green dye degradation using BDD/Ti electrodes , 2016 .

[12]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Comparative studies on removal of Erythrosine using ZnS and AgOH nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon as adsorbents: Kinetic and isotherm studies of adsorption. , 2015, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[13]  Clive Chong,et al.  Activated carbon derived from carbon residue from biomass gasification and its application for dye adsorption: Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[14]  Ali Daneshfar,et al.  Comparison of silver and palladium nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for efficient removal of Methylene blue: Kinetic and isotherm study of removal process , 2012 .

[15]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Application of ZnO nanorods loaded on activated carbon for ultrasonic assisted dyes removal: Experimental design and derivative spectrophotometry method. , 2016, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[16]  Mahdi Jamshidi,et al.  Application of artificial neural network and response surface methodology for the removal of crystal violet by zinc oxide nanorods loaded on activate carbon: kinetics and equilibrium study , 2016 .

[17]  L. Lim,et al.  Enhancing adsorption capacity of toxic malachite green dye through chemically modified breadnut peel: equilibrium, thermodynamics, kinetics and regeneration studies , 2015, Environmental technology.

[18]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Screening and optimization of highly effective ultrasound-assisted simultaneous adsorption of cationic dyes onto Mn-doped Fe3O4-nanoparticle-loaded activated carbon. , 2017, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[19]  Y. Ho.  Review of second-order models for adsorption systems. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[20]  L. Lim,et al.  Effective adsorption of toxic brilliant green from aqueous solution using peat of Brunei Darussalam: isotherms, thermodynamics, kinetics and regeneration studies , 2015 .

[21]  R. Kumar,et al.  Adsorption of Brilliant Green by Surfactant Doped Polyaniline/MWCNTs Composite: Evaluation of the Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Isotherm , 2014 .

[22]  S. Mosleh,et al.  Sonophotocatalytic degradation of trypan blue and vesuvine dyes in the presence of blue light active photocatalyst of Ag3PO4/Bi2S3-HKUST-1-MOF: Central composite optimization and synergistic effect study. , 2016, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[23]  Alireza Goudarzi,et al.  Ternary dye adsorption onto MnO2 nanoparticle-loaded activated carbon: derivative spectrophotometry and modeling , 2015 .

[24]  S. Paria,et al.  Adsorption enhancement of methylene blue dye at kaolinite clay–water interface influenced by electrolyte solutions , 2015 .

[25]  Alireza Goudarzi,et al.  Response surface methodology approach for optimization of simultaneous dye and metal ion ultrasound-assisted adsorption onto Mn doped Fe3O4-NPs loaded on AC: kinetic and isothermal studies. , 2015, Dalton transactions.

[26]  Y. Adachi,et al.  Adsorption characteristics of anionic azo dye onto large α-alumina beads , 2015, Colloid and Polymer Science.

[27]  Vimal Chandra Srivastava,et al.  Kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies for the adsorptive removal of Brilliant Green dye from aqueous solution by rice husk ash. , 2007, Journal of environmental management.

[28]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of ZnO-nanorods loaded onto activated carbon and its application for efficient solid phase extraction and determination of BG from water samples by micro-volume spectrophotometry , 2015 .

[29]  Chin Hong Neoh,et al.  Application of zeolite-activated carbon macrocomposite for the adsorption of Acid Orange 7: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies , 2013, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[30]  A. Savitzky,et al.  Smoothing and Differentiation of Data by Simplified Least Squares Procedures. , 1964 .

[31]  Alireza Goudarzi,et al.  Ultrasound assisted adsorption of malachite green dye onto ZnS:Cu-NP-AC: Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies – Response surface optimization , 2015 .

[32]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Rapid removal of Auramine-O and Methylene blue by ZnS:Cu nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon: A response surface methodology approach , 2015 .

[33]  R. Malek,et al.  Dye adsorption of cotton fabric grafted with PPI dendrimers: Isotherm and kinetic studies. , 2015, Journal of environmental management.

[34]  Shiqiang Yan,et al.  Enhanced heterogeneous Fenton degradation of Methylene Blue by nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) assembled on magnetic Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide , 2015 .

[35]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by graphene. , 2012, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[36]  Alireza Goudarzi,et al.  Optimization of ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction based on nanoparticles followed by spectrophotometry for the simultaneous determination of dyes using experimental design. , 2016, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[37]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Biosorption of Zn2+, Ni2+ and Co2+ from water samples onto Yarrowia lipolytica ISF7 using a response surface methodology, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) , 2016 .

[38]  Alireza Goudarzi,et al.  Synthesis of magnetic γ-Fe2O3-based nanomaterial for ultrasonic assisted dyes adsorption: Modeling and optimization. , 2016, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[39]  Wenyan Fang,et al.  Electrocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on Co doped Ti/TiO2 nanotube/PbO2 anodes prepared by pulse electrodeposition , 2015 .

[40]  P. V. Babu,et al.  Studies on the adsorption of Brilliant Green dye from aqueous solution onto low-cost NaOH treated saw dust , 2011 .

[41]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Performance of CuS nanoparticle loaded on activated carbon in the adsorption of methylene blue and bromophenol blue dyes in binary aqueous solutions: Using ultrasound power and optimization by central composite design , 2016 .

[42]  Yao Wang,et al.  Fast synthesis and size control of gibbsite nanoplatelets, their pseudomorphic dehydroxylation, and efficient dye adsorption. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[43]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Simultaneous removal of methylene blue and Pb2+ ions using ruthenium nanoparticle-loaded activated carbon: response surface methodology , 2015 .

[44]  S. Zhai,et al.  Dye removal of activated carbons prepared from NaOH-pretreated rice husks by low-temperature solution-processed carbonization and H3PO4 activation. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[45]  I. Tan,et al.  Adsorption of basic dye on high-surface-area activated carbon prepared from coconut husk: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[46]  M. Dubinin,et al.  Isotherm equation for water vapor adsorption by microporous carbonaceous adsorbents , 1981 .

[47]  A. Khataee,et al.  Removal of Azo Dye C.I. Acid Red 14 from Contaminated Water using Fenton, UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/Fe(II), UV/H2O2/Fe(III) and UV/H2O2/Fe(III)/Oxalate Processes: A Comparative Study , 2006 .

[48]  S. Hong,et al.  Construction of a high efficiency copper adsorption bacterial system via peptide display and its application on copper dye polluted wastewater , 2015, Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering.

[49]  H. Kreuzer,et al.  High‐Resolution, Higher‐Order UV/VIS Derivative Spectrophotometry , 1978 .

[50]  C. Ehaliotis,et al.  Use of residues and by-products of the olive-oil production chain for the removal of pollutants from environmental media: A review of batch biosorption approaches , 2015, Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering.

[51]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the biosorption of basic dyes from binary component systems and the high order derivative spectrophotometric method for simultaneous analysis of Brilliant green and Methylene blue , 2013 .

[52]  J. Peralta-Hernández,et al.  Removal of Acid Black 194 dye from water by electrocoagulation with aluminum anode , 2016, Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering.

[53]  Alireza Goudarzi,et al.  Statistical experimental design, least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods for modeling the facilitated adsorption of methylene blue dye , 2016 .

[54]  Huaili Zheng,et al.  Optimization for decolorization of azo dye acid green 20 by ultrasound and H2O2 using response surface methodology. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[55]  E. Kaçan.  Optimum BET surface areas for activated carbon produced from textile sewage sludges and its application as dye removal. , 2016, Journal of environmental management.

[56]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Application of high order derivative spectrophotometry to resolve the spectra overlap between BG and MB for the simultaneous determination of them: Ruthenium nanoparticle loaded activated carbon as adsorbent , 2014 .

[57]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal synthesis of activated carbon-HKUST-1-MOF hybrid for efficient simultaneous ultrasound-assisted removal of ternary organic dyes and antibacterial investigation: Taguchi optimization. , 2016, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[58]  N. Shanmugam,et al.  Photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green using undoped and Zn doped SnO2 nanoparticles under sunlight irradiation , 2016 .

[59]  Vijaya Kumar Bulasara,et al.  Adsorption characteristics of jackfruit leaf powder for the removal of Amido black 10B dye , 2015 .

[60]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Characterization of zinc oxide nanorods loaded on activated carbon as cheap and efficient adsorbent for removal of methylene blue , 2015 .

[61]  W. Weber,et al.  Kinetics of Adsorption on Carbon from Solution , 1963 .

[62]  M. Takagi,et al.  Removal of cationic dye methylene blue by zero-valent iron: Effects of pH and dissolved oxygen on removal mechanisms , 2015, Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering.

[63]  G. Mckay,et al.  Pseudo-first-order kinetic studies of the sorption of acid dyes onto chitosan , 2004 .

[64]  A. Khataee,et al.  Modification of nanosized natural montmorillonite for ultrasound-enhanced adsorption of Acid Red 17. , 2016, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[65]  Alireza Goudarzi,et al.  Optimization of the process parameters for the adsorption of ternary dyes by Ni doped FeO(OH)-NWs–AC using response surface methodology and an artificial neural network , 2016 .

[66]  M. Ghaedi,et al.  Rapid adsorption of ternary dye pollutants onto copper (I) oxide nanoparticle loaded on activated carbon: Experimental optimization via response surface methodology , 2016 .