Angiogenesis, Immunoangiostasis, and Metastases in Lung Cancer

CXC chemokines have been found to be important in the regula- tion of angiogenesis and tumor-related immunity, and in promoting organ-spe- cific metastases. This review highlights the importance of CXC chemokine ligands and receptors in mediating non-small cell lung cancer tumor-associat- ed angiogenesis, "immunoangiostasis," and organ-specific metastases. These findings may ultimately lead to clinical strategies to target CXC chemokines in non-small cell lung cancer.

[1]  Michelle L. Varney,et al.  IL-8 Directly Enhanced Endothelial Cell Survival, Proliferation, and Matrix Metalloproteinases Production and Regulated Angiogenesis1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[2]  A. Luster,et al.  Chemokines--chemotactic cytokines that mediate inflammation. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[3]  C Murdoch,et al.  Cxc chemokine receptor expression on human endothelial cells. , 1999, Cytokine.

[4]  C. Van Waes,et al.  Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced activation of MEK and PI3K signal pathways contributes to expression of proangiogenic cytokines interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. , 2001, Cancer research.

[5]  F. Balkwill,et al.  The molecular and cellular biology of the chemokines , 1998, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[6]  Armen B. Shanafelt,et al.  The Functional Role of the ELR Motif in CXC Chemokine-mediated Angiogenesis (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[7]  T. Mcclanahan,et al.  Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis , 2001, Nature.

[8]  M. Burdick,et al.  Inhibition of interleukin-8 reduces tumorigenesis of human non-small cell lung cancer in SCID mice. , 1996, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[9]  R. Whyte,et al.  Interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is an angiostatic factor that inhibits human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis and spontaneous metastases , 1996, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[10]  D. Ota,et al.  Angiogenic Effects of Interleukin 8 (CXCL8) in Human Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Are Mediated by CXCR2* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[11]  M. Burdick,et al.  The stromal derived factor-1/CXCL12-CXC chemokine receptor 4 biological axis in non-small cell lung cancer metastases. , 2003, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[12]  R. Bachelder,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes breast carcinoma invasion in an autocrine manner by regulating the chemokine receptor CXCR4. , 2002, Cancer research.

[13]  M. Burdick,et al.  Depletion of CXCR2 Inhibits Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Lung Cancer1 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[14]  Sergio Romagnani,et al.  An Alternatively Spliced Variant of CXCR3 Mediates the Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Growth Induced by IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC, and Acts as Functional Receptor for Platelet Factor 4 , 2003, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[15]  M. Iannettoni,et al.  The CXC chemokine, monokine induced by interferon-gamma, inhibits non-small cell lung carcinoma tumor growth and metastasis. , 2000, Human gene therapy.

[16]  H. Kleinman,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor induce expression of CXCR4 on human endothelial cells: In vivo neovascularization induced by stromal-derived factor-1alpha. , 1999, The American journal of pathology.

[17]  M. Burdick,et al.  Secondary Lymphoid Tissue Chemokine Mediates T Cell-Dependent Antitumor Responses In Vivo1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[18]  M. Iannettoni,et al.  Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and CXC chemokine expression in non-small cell lung cancer: role in angiogenesis and prognosis. , 2003, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[19]  R. Whyte,et al.  Inhibition of interleukin 8 attenuates angiogenesis in bronchogenic carcinoma , 1994, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[20]  E. Hudson,et al.  Differential expression and responsiveness of chemokine receptors (CXCR1–3) by human microvascular endothelial cells and umbilical vein endothelial cells , 2000, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[21]  N. Copeland,et al.  The CC chemokine 6Ckine binds the CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  M. Kuwano,et al.  ZD1839 (Iressa) induces antiangiogenic effects through inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. , 2002, Cancer research.

[23]  S Paget,et al.  THE DISTRIBUTION OF SECONDARY GROWTHS IN CANCER OF THE BREAST. , 1889 .

[24]  M. Iannettoni,et al.  Epithelial-neutrophil activating peptide (ENA-78) is an important angiogenic factor in non-small cell lung cancer. , 1998, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[25]  R. Salcedo,et al.  Role of Chemokines in Angiogenesis: CXCL12/SDF‐1 and CXCR4 Interaction, a Key Regulator of Endothelial Cell Responses , 2003, Microcirculation.

[26]  A. Feldman,et al.  Retroviral gene transfer of interferon‐inducible protein 10 inhibits growth of human melanoma xenografts , 2002, International journal of cancer.

[27]  M. Ratajczak,et al.  The SDF‐1‐CXCR4 Axis Stimulates VEGF Secretion and Activates Integrins but does not Affect Proliferation and Survival in Lymphohematopoietic Cells , 2001, Stem cells.

[28]  Jeremy J. W. Chen,et al.  Up-regulation of tumor interleukin-8 expression by infiltrating macrophages: its correlation with tumor angiogenesis and patient survival in non-small cell lung cancer. , 2003, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[29]  M. Burdick,et al.  The CXC Chemokine Receptor 2, CXCR2, Is the Putative Receptor for ELR+ CXC Chemokine-Induced Angiogenic Activity1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[30]  M. Serio,et al.  Cell cycle-dependent expression of CXC chemokine receptor 3 by endothelial cells mediates angiostatic activity. , 2001, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[31]  M. Burdick,et al.  CXC chemokines in angiogenesis , 2000, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[32]  D J Mooney,et al.  Up-Regulation of Bcl-2 in microvascular endothelial cells enhances intratumoral angiogenesis and accelerates tumor growth. , 2001, Cancer research.