High Energy Density Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on NiOOH/Ni3S2/3D Graphene and Fe3O4/Graphene Composite Electrodes

The application of the composite of Ni3S2 nanoparticles and 3D graphene as a novel cathode material for supercapacitors is systematically investigated in this study. It is found that the electrode capacitance increases by up to 111% after the composite electrode is activated by the consecutive cyclic voltammetry scanning in 1 M KOH. Due to the synergistic effect, the capacitance and the diffusion coefficient of electrolyte ions of the activated composite electrode are ca. 3.7 and 6.5 times higher than those of the Ni3S2 electrode, respectively. Furthermore, the activated composite electrode exhibits an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 3296 F/g and great cycling stability at a current density of 16 A/g. To obtain the reasonable matching of cathode/anode electrodes, the composite of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and chemically reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4/rGO) is synthesized as the anode material. The Fe3O4/rGO electrode exhibits the specific capacitance of 661 F/g at 1 A/g and excellent rate capability. More importantly, an asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated by two different composite electrodes can be operated reversibly between 0 and 1.6 V and obtain a high specific capacitance of 233 F/g at 5 mV/s, which delivers a maximum energy density of 82.5 Wh/kg at a power density of 930 W/kg.

[1]  Ki-Hwan Oh,et al.  A novel concept of hybrid capacitor based on manganese oxide materials , 2007 .

[2]  W. Shi,et al.  Hydrogenated CoOx nanowire@Ni(OH)2 nanosheet core-shell nanostructures for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. , 2014, Nanoscale.

[3]  L. Dai.  Functionalization of graphene for efficient energy conversion and storage. , 2013, Accounts of chemical research.

[4]  R. Woods,et al.  Electrochemical and XPS studies of the surface oxidation of synthetic heazlewoodite (Ni3S2) , 1991 .

[5]  Hongmei Du,et al.  Fe3O4 nanoparticles grown on graphene as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors , 2014 .

[6]  M. Chan-Park,et al.  3D graphene-cobalt oxide electrode for high-performance supercapacitor and enzymeless glucose detection. , 2012, ACS nano.

[7]  Teng Zhai,et al.  LiCl/PVA gel electrolyte stabilizes vanadium oxide nanowire electrodes for pseudocapacitors. , 2012, ACS nano.

[8]  X. Lou,et al.  Formation of 1D Hierarchical Structures Composed of Ni3S2 Nanosheets on CNTs Backbone for Supercapacitors and Photocatalytic H2 Production , 2012 .

[9]  Xian‐Wen Wei,et al.  A solution phase fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon , 2006 .

[10]  Jun Yan,et al.  Supercapacitors based on graphene-supported iron nanosheets as negative electrode materials. , 2013, ACS nano.

[11]  James Alastair McLaughlin,et al.  High resolution XPS characterization of chemical functionalised MWCNTs and SWCNTs , 2005 .

[12]  G. Muralidharan,et al.  Interconnected V2O5 nanoporous network for high-performance supercapacitors. , 2012, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[13]  Yuan Hu,et al.  A facile method to fabricate carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 core/shell composites , 2007, Nanotechnology.

[14]  Chi-Chang Hu,et al.  Design and tailoring of the nanotubular arrayed architecture of hydrous RuO2 for next generation supercapacitors. , 2006, Nano letters.

[15]  B. Jang,et al.  Graphene-based supercapacitor with an ultrahigh energy density. , 2010, Nano letters.

[16]  T. Mallouk,et al.  Morphology of Template-Grown Polyaniline Nanowires and Its Effect on the Electrochemical Capacitance of Nanowire Arrays , 2008 .

[17]  Jianjun Jiang,et al.  Synergistic effect of Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for supercapacitors with good cycling life , 2013 .

[18]  R. Piner,et al.  Exfoliation of graphite oxide in propylene carbonate and thermal reduction of the resulting graphene oxide platelets. , 2010, ACS nano.

[19]  G. Lu,et al.  3D aperiodic hierarchical porous graphitic carbon material for high-rate electrochemical capacitive energy storage. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[20]  Guangmin Zhou,et al.  Graphene/metal oxide composite electrode materials for energy storage , 2012 .

[21]  Dingcai Wu,et al.  An advanced carbonaceous porous network for high-performance organic electrolyte supercapacitors , 2013 .

[22]  Jung-Soo Lee,et al.  Three-Dimensional Graphene Nano-Networks with High Quality and Mass Production Capability via Precursor-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[23]  D. Bélanger,et al.  Nanostructured transition metal oxides for aqueous hybrid electrochemical supercapacitors , 2006 .

[24]  M. Biesinger,et al.  X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic chemical state quantification of mixed nickel metal, oxide and hydroxide systems , 2009 .

[25]  V. Dravid,et al.  Influence of component content on the capacitance of magnetite/reduced graphene oxide composite , 2013 .

[26]  Zhaolin Liu,et al.  Facile synthesis of low crystalline MoS2 nanosheet-coated CNTs for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[27]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Graphene-based ultracapacitors. , 2008, Nano letters.

[28]  X. Lou,et al.  Glucose-assisted growth of MoS2 nanosheets on CNT backbone for improved lithium storage properties. , 2011, Chemistry.

[29]  Dingcai Wu,et al.  High-energy supercapacitors based on hierarchical porous carbon with an ultrahigh ion-accessible surface area in ionic liquid electrolytes. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[30]  Dingcai Wu,et al.  Carbon Microfibers with Hierarchical Porous Structure from Electrospun Fiber-Like Natural Biopolymer , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[31]  Yen‐Po Lin,et al.  Characterization of MnFe 2O 4/LiMn 2O 4 aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor , 2011 .

[32]  Hui‐Ming Cheng,et al.  Three-dimensional flexible and conductive interconnected graphene networks grown by chemical vapour deposition. , 2011, Nature materials.

[33]  Dingcai Wu,et al.  Fast ion transport and high capacitance of polystyrene-based hierarchical porous carbon electrode material for supercapacitors , 2011 .

[34]  Hongcai Gao,et al.  High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor based on graphene hydrogel and nanostructured MnO2. , 2012, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[35]  Cheng Yang,et al.  Flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on ultrathin two-dimensional nanosheets with outstanding electrochemical performance and aesthetic property , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[36]  Baokang Jin,et al.  Controlled synthesis of nickel sulfide/graphene oxide nanocomposite for high-performance supercapacitor , 2013 .

[37]  Qiang Zhang,et al.  Fabrication and electrochemical performances of hierarchical porous Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes anchored on graphene sheets , 2012 .

[38]  Liang Liang,et al.  Direct assembly of large arrays of oriented conducting polymer nanowires. , 2002, Angewandte Chemie.

[39]  J. Warner,et al.  Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocrystals@graphene composites for energy storage devices , 2011 .

[40]  Q. Li,et al.  Synthesis of bacteria promoted reduced graphene oxide-nickel sulfide networks for advanced supercapacitors. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[41]  Y. Tsai,et al.  Electrochemically synthesized graphene/polypyrrole composites and their use in supercapacitor , 2012 .

[42]  Yexiang Tong,et al.  Amorphous nickel hydroxide nanospheres with ultrahigh capacitance and energy density as electrochemical pseudocapacitor materials , 2013, Nature Communications.

[43]  Jeng-Yu Lin,et al.  Cathodic Deposition of Flaky Nickel Sulfide Nanostructure as an Electroactive Material for High-Performance Supercapacitors , 2013 .

[44]  Jeng-Yu Lin,et al.  Hierarchically structured Ni(3)S(2)/carbon nanotube composites as high performance cathode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[45]  Jun Song Chen,et al.  Hierarchical nickel sulfide hollow spheres for high performance supercapacitors , 2011 .

[46]  Hua Zhang,et al.  Ni3S2 nanorods/Ni foam composite electrode with low overpotential for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution , 2013 .

[47]  Charles R. Martin,et al.  Template-Synthesized Polyaniline Microtubules , 1994 .

[48]  Jianwen Zhao,et al.  Electrical and Spectroscopic Characterizations of Ultra-Large Reduced Graphene Oxide Monolayers , 2009 .

[49]  Jingwei Sun,et al.  Hybrid supercapacitor based on MnO2 and columned FeOOH using Li2SO4 electrolyte solution , 2008 .

[50]  Xiaogang Zhang,et al.  Electrochemically induced transformation of NiS nanoparticles into Ni(OH)2 in KOH aqueous solution toward electrochemical capacitors , 2011 .

[51]  Meilin Liu,et al.  Raman Spectroscopy of Nickel Sulfide Ni3S2 , 2007 .

[52]  Hua Zhang,et al.  Achieving high specific charge capacitances in Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites , 2011 .

[53]  R. Selvan,et al.  Synthesis of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles and their asymmetric configuration with Ni(OH)2 for a pseudocapacitor , 2014 .

[54]  Zhennan Gu,et al.  Growth of manganese oxide nanoflowers on vertically-aligned carbon nanotube arrays for high-rate electrochemical capacitive energy storage. , 2008, Nano letters.

[55]  H. Dai,et al.  Mn3O4-graphene hybrid as a high-capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[56]  Feng Li,et al.  Anchoring Hydrous RuO2 on Graphene Sheets for High‐Performance Electrochemical Capacitors , 2010 .

[57]  Dingcai Wu,et al.  Construction of a hierarchical architecture in a wormhole-like mesostructure for enhanced mass transport. , 2011, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[58]  Fan Zhang,et al.  Efficient and large-scale synthesis of few-layered graphene using an arc-discharge method and conductivity studies of the resulting films , 2010 .

[59]  J. Xia,et al.  Facile Synthesis of Hollow MoS2 Microspheres/Amorphous Carbon Composites and Their Lithium Storage Properties , 2014 .