Fast Fourier-Based Implementation of Synthetic Aperture Radar Algorithm for Multistatic Imaging System

Multistatic millimeter-wave imaging structures are superior to their monostatic counterparts for imaging natural objects of sudden profile variations. Multistatic image reconstruction is conventionally performed via synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based methods which, in spite of their high accuracy, are computationally burdensome. On the other side, the Fourier-based image reconstruction in multistatic systems also faces few challenges including multidimensional interpolation, a plane-wave approximation of spherical waves, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-space partitioning. This paper presents a fast implementation of the SAR-based image reconstruction method in case of 1-D and 2-D multistatic arrays. The proposed implementation is Fourier based across the uniform direction in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-space and SAR based along the nonuniform direction. Both methods are fully parallelizable and are arranged into a vector format to maximize memory usage and minimize the computational time. The extensive validation and benchmarking have been performed with both simulation and experimental data, which proves a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$256\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvement in the reconstruction time for the worst case scenario compared to that of in SAR-based methods with the same image quality. Furthermore, the reconstructed image performance is around <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> better than the most recent Fourier-based reconstruction method, in terms of root-mean-square error metric, and with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$28\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> less computational time.