Exergy costs analysis of groundwater use and water transfers

Abstract In the search for new alternatives to meet the water demands, it is interesting to analyze the cost of using alternatives different from those such as desalination and pumping. The exergy cost analysis can be a useful tool to estimate costs of those alternatives as a function of its energy efficiency and its relative abundance with respect to existing resources in their surroundings. This study proposes a methodology for assessing the costs of groundwaters and water transfers from surplus basins within the exergy perspective. An equation to assess the exergy costs of these alternatives is proposed. System boundaries are first identified to the assessment of input and output currents to the system in exergy values for the design and certain operating conditions. Next, an equation to assess water supply costs depending on design and operational parameters is proposed, from the analysis of different examples. Pumping efficiency, altitude gap and flow among other features are introduced in the calculations as those characteristics parameters. In the developed examples, unit exergy costs of groundwaters go from 1.01 to 2.67, and from 1 to 4.06 in case of water transfers. Maximum values, as expected within this perspective, are found at high pumped/transferred flows and high pumping levels and/or low pumping efficiency if pumping is required.

[1]  Cong-zhuo Jin,et al.  Vapour Compression Flash seawater desalination system and its exergy analysis , 2014 .

[2]  Silvio de Oliveira,et al.  An exergy-based approach to determine production cost and CO2 allocation in refineries , 2014 .

[3]  Antonio Piacentino,et al.  Application of advanced thermodynamics, thermoeconomics and exergy costing to a Multiple Effect Distillation plant: In-depth analysis of cost formation process , 2015 .

[4]  Amaya Martínez,et al.  Exergy cost of water supply and water treatment technologies , 2010 .

[5]  Alicia Valero,et al.  Environmental costs of a river watershed within the European water framework directive: Results from physical hydronomics , 2010 .

[6]  T. J. Kotas,et al.  The Exergy Method of Thermal Plant Analysis , 2012 .

[7]  Mehmet Kanoglu,et al.  Thermoeconomic cost evaluation of hydrogen production driven by binary geothermal power plant , 2015 .

[8]  Bernardo Fortunato,et al.  Modeling, performance analysis and economic feasibility of a mirror-augmented photovoltaic system , 2014 .

[9]  Ali Abbas,et al.  Thermodynamic and economic optimization of LNG mixed refrigerant processes , 2014 .

[10]  A. Al-Ghandoor,et al.  Energy and exergy utilizations of the Jordanian SMEs industries , 2013 .

[11]  Bernd Meyer,et al.  Performance and exergy analysis of the current developments in coal gasification technology , 2014 .

[12]  Christos A. Frangopoulos,et al.  Thermo-economic functional analysis and optimization , 1987 .

[13]  Yun Zhang,et al.  Exergetic life cycle assessment of cement production process with waste heat power generation , 2014 .

[14]  Syed A.M. Said,et al.  Exergo-economic analysis of a solar driven hybrid storage absorption refrigeration cycle , 2014 .

[15]  Javier Uche,et al.  Chemical exergy assessment of organic matter in a water flow , 2010 .

[16]  Ronan K. McGovern,et al.  Entropy Generation Analysis of Desalination Technologies , 2011, Entropy.

[17]  Andrea Lazzaretto,et al.  SPECO: A systematic and general methodology for calculating efficiencies and costs in thermal systems , 2006 .

[18]  Adem Atmaca,et al.  Thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analysis of a cement plant: Part II – Application , 2014 .

[19]  M. Willatzen,et al.  Exergy costing for energy saving in combined heating and cooling applications , 2014 .

[20]  Fahad A. Al-Sulaiman,et al.  Thermoeconomic analysis of shrouded wind turbines , 2015 .

[21]  César Torres,et al.  On the cost formation process of the residues , 2008 .

[22]  S. Beecham,et al.  Developing resilient green roofs in a dry climate. , 2014, The Science of the total environment.

[23]  Stephen C. Graves,et al.  Desalination supply chain decision analysis and optimization , 2014 .

[24]  Iman Janghorban Esfahani,et al.  Evaluation and optimization of a multi-effect evaporation–absorption heat pump desalination based conventional and advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analyses , 2015 .

[25]  Rahman Saidur,et al.  A review on exergy analysis of industrial sector , 2013 .

[26]  Antonio Valero,et al.  The economic unsustainability of the Spanish national hydrological plan , 2003 .

[27]  Mehmet Tan,et al.  Thermodynamic and economic evaluations of a geothermal district heating system using advanced exergy-based methods , 2014 .

[28]  Miguel A. Lozano,et al.  Theory of the exergetic cost , 1993 .

[29]  Xavier Gabarrell,et al.  Applying exergy analysis to rainwater harvesting systems to assess resource efficiency , 2013 .

[30]  Mohammad Aslam Uqaili,et al.  Parametric based thermo-environmental and exergoeconomic analyses of a combined cycle power plant with regression analysis and optimization , 2015 .

[31]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyses of seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with energy recovery , 2014 .

[32]  Akwasi A. Boateng,et al.  Mass Balance, Energy, and Exergy Analysis of Bio-Oil Production by Fast Pyrolysis , 2012 .

[33]  Kazuo Matsushige,et al.  Chemical exergy of organic matter in wastewater , 1986 .

[34]  Mortaza Yari,et al.  Exergoeconomic analysis and optimization of basic, dual-pressure and dual-fluid ORCs and Kalina geothermal power plants: A comparative study , 2015 .

[35]  Arif Hepbasli,et al.  A review and assessment of the energy utilization efficiency in the Turkish industrial sector using energy and exergy analysis method , 2007 .