Modelling the biomechanical behaviour of growing trees at the forest stand scale. Part I: Development of an Incremental Transfer Matrix Method and application to simplified tree structures

Les defauts de rectitude des tiges sont souvent associes a des heterogeneites structurelles du bois via des phenomenes de tropismes. Cet article presente un modele numerique de simulation du comportement biomecanique des arbres en croissance. Une description simplifiee de la structure, considerant separement le tronc et le houppier, a ete adoptee afin de permettre des calculs futurs a l'echelle du peuplement forestier. Le modele numerique est base sur une formulation incrementale de la Methode des Matrices de Transfert permettant de tenir compte de l'evolution de l'etat mecanique du tronc tout au long de la croissance de l'arbre. Le modele prend en compte les deformations dues au poids propre de la structure, mais aussi les phenomenes de redressement associes aux deformations de maturation du bois de reaction. Ce modele a ete implante dans le logiciel CAPSIS. Les resultats numeriques ont ete compares a ceux obtenus en utilisant le logiciel AMAPpara. Ce dernier utilise un modele biomecanique reposant sur une description detaillee de l'architecture de l'arbre. Les limites d'une description simplifiee de la structure, qui sera utile pour des calculs a l'echelle du peuplement forestier, sont discutees.

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