Noninvasive MRI thermometry with the proton resonance frequency method: Study of susceptibility effects

The temperature dependence of proton resonance frequency (PRF) is related to the temperature dependence of the screening constant and of the volume susceptibility constant. To evaluate the relative importance, an experimental setup was designed allowing quantification of both effects in different tissues, notably pure water in a gel structure, and porcine muscle and fat tissue. The temperature varied from 28 to 44°C, a range significant for hyperthermia applications. Good agreement with results from the literature was obtained for water. Porcine muscle tissue behaves like water. Its screening constant varies linearly at a rate of 0.97 10‐8 (oC)‐1 and the effects of temperature‐induced changes of the susceptibility constant are negligible for muscle thermometry applications. The PRF‐temperature relation in fat tissue, however, is almost completely determined by susceptibility effects.

[1]  Eric Achten,et al.  The Proton-Resonance-Frequency-Shift Method Compared with Molecular Diffusion for Quantitative Measurement of Two-Dimensional Time-Dependent Temperature Distribution in a Phantom , 1994 .

[2]  D Le Bihan,et al.  Temperature mapping with MR imaging of molecular diffusion: application to hyperthermia. , 1989, Radiology.

[3]  W. Hull,et al.  A 1H‐NMR method for determining temperature in cell culture perfusion systems , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[4]  W. Schneider,et al.  Solvent Effects in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra , 1960 .

[5]  D. Ives,et al.  Structure and properties of water , 1968 .

[6]  W. M. Haynes.  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , 1990 .

[7]  L. Hall,et al.  Mapping of pH and temperature distribution using chemical-shift-resolved tomography , 1985 .

[8]  J. Schenck,et al.  Health and Physiological Effects of Human Exposure to Whole‐Body Four‐Tesla Magnetic Fields during MRI , 1992, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[9]  P. Röschmann,et al.  Susceptibility artefacts in NMR imaging. , 1985, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[10]  Y. Ishihara,et al.  A precise and fast temperature mapping method using water proton chemical shift , 1992 .

[11]  C. Springer,et al.  Bulk magnetic susceptibility shifts in nmr studies of compartmentalized samples: use of paramagnetic reagents , 1990, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[12]  J. Hindman,et al.  Proton Resonance Shift of Water in the Gas and Liquid States , 1966 .

[13]  J. Poorter,et al.  Noninvasive MRI Thermometry with the Proton Resonance Frequency (PRF) Method: In Vivo Results in Human Muscle , 1995, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[14]  Harold A. Scheraga,et al.  Structure of Water and Hydrophobic Bonding in Proteins. I. A Model for the Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Water , 1962 .

[15]  A Oatridge,et al.  Further observations on the measurement of tissue T1 to monitor temperature in vivo by MRI , 1994, Magnetic resonance in medicine.