Sampling of discrete materials: II. Quantitative approach—sampling of zero-dimensional objects

Parts II and III of this series are initiated by a joint discussion of features related to the lot. Part II then delineates the central elements of the Theory of Sampling for zero-dimensional objects. It is necessary to be brief within the limited format of the present tutorial series, but all essential model rigour has been maintained. An attempt has been made to focus on the central mathematical theoretical core of TOS while also showing how this relates directly to sampling practise (materials, equipment and procedures). A highlight of the latter issue concerns experimental estimation of the Fundamental Sampling Error (FSE). Part II is also fundamental for further developments in Part III, as it presents a complete overview discussion of the basic sampling operation of the one-dimensional object as well.