A sufficiency condition for the stability of an equilibrium
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(c) Modification of R is very slow, except when the modifier gene is very closely linked to one of the selected loci. All these results were confirmed by computer calculations of the population trajectories of individual cases. The general conclusion is that, although this process is capable of generating the evolution of non-zero R values, it requires a rather special type of fitness interaction between the selected loci (in agreement with the conclusion of Maynard Smith (1971», and selection for increased R will usually proceed very slowly.
[1] C. Strobeck. Sufficient Conditions for Polymorphism with N Niches and M Mating Groups , 1974, The American Naturalist.
[2] M. Slatkin. Gene flow and selection in a cline. , 1973, Genetics.
[3] H. Levene,et al. Genetic Equilibrium When More Than One Ecological Niche is Available , 1953, The American Naturalist.