Analytical prediction of the seismic behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete elements

Abstract Superelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) are unique materials that have the ability to undergo large deformations, but can return to their undeformed shape by the removal of stress. If such materials can be used as reinforcement in plastic hinge regions of beam–column elements, they will not only experience large inelastic deformations during strong earthquakes, but can potentially recover their original shape. This behaviour will allow mitigating the problem of permanent deformation. Hence, this study aims at establishing guidelines for predicting the seismic behaviour of concrete beam–column elements reinforced with superelastic SMAs. The paper identifies the disparities in moment–curvature relationship between SMA and steel reinforced sections. Then it examines the applicability of existing methods developed for steel reinforced concrete (RC) members to predict the length of the plastic hinge, crack width, crack spacing, and bond-slip relationship for superelastic SMA RC elements. Existing superelastic SMA models are discussed and the application of one of the models in a finite element (FE) program is presented. This FE program is used to simulate the behaviour of an SMA RC column and a beam–column joint. The predicted load–displacement, moment–rotation relationships and energy dissipation capacities have been found to be in good agreement with experimental results.

[1]  Reginald DesRoches,et al.  Unseating prevention for multiple frame bridges using superelastic devices , 2005 .

[2]  Arne Hillerborg,et al.  Rotational capacity of reinforced concrete beams , 1988 .

[3]  Songye Zhu,et al.  Seismic behaviour of self‐centring braced frame buildings with reusable hysteretic damping brace , 2007 .

[4]  Byung Hwan Oh,et al.  New Formulas for Maximum Crack Width and Crack Spacing in Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members , 1987 .

[5]  Reginald DesRoches,et al.  EARTHQUAKE PERFORMANCE OF STEEL FRAMES WITH NITINOL BRACES , 2006 .

[6]  Giorgio Monti,et al.  Nonlinear Cyclic Behavior of Reinforcing Bars Including Buckling , 1992 .

[7]  P. Wriggers,et al.  Self–Actuating SMA–HPFRC Fuses for Auto–Adaptive Composite Structures , 2003 .

[8]  B. Benmokrane,et al.  Flexural Behavior of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Deformed Fiber Reinforced Plastic Reinforcing Rods , 1998 .

[9]  M. Saiidi,et al.  Exploratory Study of Seismic Response of Concrete Columns with Shape Memory Alloys Reinforcement , 2006 .

[10]  J. Mander,et al.  Theoretical stress strain model for confined concrete , 1988 .

[11]  A. Helba,et al.  Reinforced Concrete Structures , 1944, Nature.

[12]  R. P. Johnson,et al.  General rules and rules for buildings , 2004 .

[13]  James M. Kelly,et al.  Experimental and analytical studies of shape-memory alloy dampers for structural control , 1995, Smart Structures.

[14]  A. S. Elnashai,et al.  Confined concrete model under cyclic load , 1997 .

[15]  Donatello Cardone,et al.  Experimental static and dynamic response of a real r/c frame upgraded with SMA re-centering and dissipating braces , 2004 .

[16]  E. Sacco,et al.  A Superelastic Shape-Memory-Alloy Beam Model , 1997 .

[17]  L. Brinson.  One-Dimensional Constitutive Behavior of Shape Memory Alloys: Thermomechanical Derivation with Non-Constant Material Functions and Redefined Martensite Internal Variable , 1993 .

[18]  Ferdinando Auricchio,et al.  Shape-memory alloys: macromodelling and numerical simulations of the superelastic behavior , 1997 .

[19]  Ferdinando Auricchio,et al.  A uniaxial model for shape-memory alloys , 1997 .

[20]  John C. Wilson,et al.  Shape Memory Alloys for Seismic Response Modification: A State-of-the-Art Review , 2005 .

[21]  Donatello Cardone,et al.  Shaking‐table tests on reinforced concrete frames with different isolation systems , 2007 .

[22]  H. A. Sawyer,et al.  Design of Concrete Frames For Two Failure Stages , 1965 .

[23]  Craig A. Rogers,et al.  One-Dimensional Thermomechanical Constitutive Relations for Shape Memory Materials , 1990 .

[24]  Aci Committee-Cracking,et al.  Causes, mechanism, and control of cracking in concrete , 1985 .

[25]  K. Tanaka,et al.  A thermomechanical description of materials with internal variables in the process of phase transitions , 1982 .

[26]  M. Saiid Saiidi,et al.  Pilot Study of Behavior of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Shape Memory Alloys , 2007 .

[27]  Panagiotis J. Madas,et al.  Advanced modelling of composite frames subject to earthquake loading , 1993 .

[28]  DataNotAvailable.  Discussion of Rotational Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams by W. Gene Corley , 1967 .

[29]  Moncef L. Nehdi,et al.  Experimental Investigation on the Seismic Behavior of Beam-Column Joints Reinforced with Superelastic Shape Memory Alloys , 2008 .

[30]  A W Beeby,et al.  CONCISE EUROCODE FOR THE DESIGN OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS. BASED ON BSI PUBLICATION DD ENV 1992-1-1: 1992. EUROCODE 2: DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES. PART 1: GENERAL RULES AND RULES FOR BUILDINGS , 1993 .

[31]  Peter Gergely,et al.  Maximum Crack Width in Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members , 1968 .

[32]  R. Park,et al.  Stress-Strain Behavior of Concrete Confined by Overlapping Hoops at Low and High Strain Rates , 1982 .

[33]  Roberto T. Leon,et al.  Steel Beam-Column Connections using Shape Memory Alloys , 2004 .

[34]  Arup K. Maji,et al.  Smart Prestressing with Shape-Memory Alloy , 1998 .

[35]  Moncef L. Nehdi,et al.  Utilizing shape memory alloys to enhance the performance and safety of civil infrastructure: a review , 2007 .

[36]  James L Noland,et al.  Computer-Aided Structural Engineering (CASE) Project: Decision Logic Table Formulation of ACI (American Concrete Institute) 318-77 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete for Automated Constraint Processing. Volume 1. , 1986 .

[37]  Ferdinando Auricchio,et al.  Shape memory alloy superelastic behavior: 3D finite-element simulations , 1996, Other Conferences.

[38]  Hiroyuki Tamai,et al.  Application of SMA rod to exposed-type column base in smart structural system , 2003, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.