Wide-area measurement based stabilizing control of large power systems-a decentralized/hierarchical approach

The aim of this paper is to assess the capability of the emerging synchronized phasor measurement technology in improving the overall stability of the Hydro-Quebec transmission system through supplementary modulation of voltage regulators. Following a thorough singular value and eigenvalue analysis of the system dynamic interactions, five control sites consisting of four generators and one synchronous condenser are chosen to implement new power system stabilizers with a supplementary input from remote phasor measuring units, geographically spread over nine electrically coherent areas. Since the remote feedback loops are built on top of an existing decentralized control system, this design approach results in a decentralized/hierarchical control architecture with significant advantages in terms of reliability and operational flexibility. A systematic control and measurement pairing yielded four dominant natural loops, each associated with a significant open-loop inter-area oscillatory mode at 0.06, 0.4, 0.7 and 0.95 Hz respectively. These PSSs have a speed sensitive local loop operating in the usual way, and a wide-area measurement based global loop which involves a single differential frequency signal between two suitably selected areas. The tuning and coordination technique for these advanced multiple input signals PSSs is described. Their impacts on the system is assessed using both small-signal analysis and nonlinear simulations in a transient stability program. Wide-area stabilizing controllers have a significant potential in improving the dynamic performance of the Hydro-Quebec's existing power system.

[1]  G. Trudel,et al.  Multi-loop power system stabilizers using wide-area synchronous phasor measurements , 1998, Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36207).

[2]  Kai-ching Chu.  Comparison of Information Structures in Decentralized Dynamic Systems , 1976 .

[3]  R. P. Schulz,et al.  Triggering tradeoffs for recording dynamics [in power systems] , 1997 .

[4]  M. Brucoli,et al.  Decentralized two-level excitation control of multimachine power systems , 1984 .

[5]  A.G. Phadke,et al.  An Adaptive Out-of-Step Relay , 1997, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[6]  B. Bhargava.  Synchronized Phasor Measurement System project at Southern California Edison Co , 1999, 1999 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36364).

[7]  Ian Postlethwaite,et al.  Multivariable Feedback Control: Analysis and Design , 1996 .

[8]  O. Faucon,et al.  Coordinated defense plan protects against transient instabilities , 1997 .

[9]  A. Rubaai.  Transient stability control: a multi-level hierarchical approach , 1991, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[10]  Innocent Kamwa,et al.  Robust design and coordination of multiple damping controllers using nonlinear constrained optimization , 1999 .

[11]  A. M. Elabdalla,et al.  Geometric measures of modal controllability and observability of power system models , 1988 .

[12]  James D. McCalley,et al.  Damping controller design for power system oscillations using global signals , 1996 .

[13]  Y. Mansour.  Competition and system stability-the reward and the penalty , 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[14]  R. J. Murphy.  Disturbance recorders trigger detection and protection , 1996 .

[15]  S. Rovnyak,et al.  Using measurements and decision tree processing for response-based discrete-event control , 1999, 1999 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36364).

[16]  I. Kamwa,et al.  Using global control and SMES to damp inter-area oscillations: an exploratory assessment , 2000, 2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (Cat. No.00CH37134).

[17]  J. Lieslehto,et al.  An Expert System for Interaction Analysis of Multivariable Systems , 1987, 1987 American Control Conference.

[18]  Virgilio Centeno,et al.  An adaptive out-of-step relay [for power system protection] , 1997 .

[19]  M. Jamshidi.  Large-Scale Systems: Modeling, Control and Fuzzy Logic , 1996 .

[20]  D. N. Kosterev,et al.  Feasibility study of using synchronized phasor measurements for generator dropping controls in the Colstrip System , 1998 .

[21]  Clivaldo Silva de Araújo,et al.  Frequency Domain Analysis of Oscillatory Modes in Decentralized Control Systems , 1998, Autom..

[22]  Jørgen Falck Christensen.  New Control Strategies for Utilizing Power System Network more Effectively , 1997 .

[23]  T. L. Huang,et al.  Two-level optimal output feedback stabilizer design , 1991 .

[24]  S. E. Stanton,et al.  Application of phasor measurements and partial energy analysis in stabilizing large disturbances , 1995 .

[25]  Shaopeng Wang,et al.  Power system damping controller design-using multiple input signals , 2000 .

[26]  Michael Athans,et al.  Survey of decentralized control methods for large scale systems , 1978 .

[27]  J. F. Hauer,et al.  The DOE Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) Project: Demonstration of dynamic information technology for the future power system , 1995 .

[28]  J. P. Gingras,et al.  Large-scale active-load modulation for angle stability improvement , 1999 .

[29]  Marija D. Ilic,et al.  Hierarchical power systems control , 1996 .

[30]  Gerard Ledwich,et al.  Optimal placement of angle transducers in power systems , 1996 .

[31]  T. Margotin,et al.  Delayed-input wide-area stability control with synchronized phasor measurements and linear matrix inequalities , 2000, 2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (Cat. No.00CH37134).

[32]  G. T. Heydt,et al.  Autonomous damping controller design for power system oscillations , 2000, 2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (Cat. No.00CH37134).

[33]  Ali Feliachi,et al.  Damping enhancement in the Western US power system: a case study , 1995 .

[34]  Nelson Martins,et al.  Impact of the Interaction Among Power System Controls Status Report of CIGRE TF 38 . 02 . 16 , .